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FLASH GENE
Symbol ADCYAP1 contributors: mct/npt - updated : 29-12-2020
HGNC name adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary)
HGNC id 241
Location 18p11.32      Physical location : 904.943 - 912.171
Synonym name
  • pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide
  • PACAP-related peptide
    • Synonym symbol(s) PACAP, MGC12685
    EC.number 4.6.1.1
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 7.80 kb     5 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
    Map see TYMS
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    6 - 3089 - 176 - 2020 32651949
    5 - 3259 27 176 - 2020 32651949
  • ACAP27 cross the BBB by diffusion over the membrane, but after crossing the endothelial membrane both isoforms (ACAP27 and ACAP38) are either rapidly degraded or efflux back from brain to blood
    • - - - - - - 2018 29785578
    ACAP38 is transported over the BBB actively, while PACAP27 cross the BBB by diffusion over the membrane, but after crossing the endothelial membrane both isoforms are either rapidly degraded or efflux back from brain to blood
    EXPRESSION
    Type restricted
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
     braindiencephalonpituitary highly Homo sapiens
    Endocrinepancreas   highly
    Nervousbraindiencephalonhypothalamus highly Homo sapiens
     brainlimbic systemhippocampus highly Homo sapiens
     nervespinal nervehypoglossal nerve predominantly Homo sapiens
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Nervouscentral  highly Homo sapiens
    Nervousperipherous  highly Homo sapiens
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    physiological period embryo, pregnancy
    Text pituitary placenta
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
    isoforms Precursor for PACAP27 (N terminal 27 AA of PACAP38) and PACAP38 (N terminal, 38 residues)
    HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • glucagon VIP family
  • vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/secretin/glucagon family of peptides
    • CATEGORY enzyme , regulatory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
    basic FUNCTION
  • pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide, acting as a pivotal modulator of glutamatergic regulation of the suprachiasmatic circadian clock
  • regulator of insulin genes of glucose sensing system (GLTI) and hexokinase
  • auto and paracrine function in the peri and post ovulatory events involving acute progesterone production and subsequent luteinization in periovulatory granulosa/lutein cells
  • decreasing neuronal cell death after ischemia by suppressing cytochrome C release by means of BCL2 regulation
  • participates in the processes forming the neuronal laminas in the developing cortex via the intracellular PKA pathway
  • inhibits proliferation of cortical progenitors and promotes neurogenesis
  • affects two different processes of cortical progenitors via the PKA/CREB signaling pathway acting at different times of the cell cycle, providing a novel cue for unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of environmental factors on laminar formation during corticogenesis
  • participates in the processes forming the neuronal laminas in the developing cortex via the intracellular PKA pathway
  • is a key player in reproduction through its actions as a pituitary autocrine/paracrine hormone
  • acting at several levels, influences the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors in favor of anti-apoptosis, thereby providing protection in oxidative stress-induced injury of human retinal pigment epithelial cells
  • may play a significant role in the complex interactions of gonadotropin and growth factors during ovulation and fertilisation
  • ADCYAP1 is a positive regulator of chondrogenesis, while VIP has been reported playing an important role in the inflammatory reactions of surrounding joint tissues
  • is a neuromodulator implicated in anxiety, metabolism and reproductive behavior
  • act as a hormone, a neuromodulator, a neurotransmitter and a trophic factor, and has been implicated in a variety of developmental and regenerative processes
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • interacting with IL6 (prevents neuronal cell death after ischemia via a signaling mechanism involving IL6)
  • GNRH1 augments the ability of ADCYAP1 to regulate gonadotrope function by increasing pituitary ADCYAP1 and PACAP receptor expression
  • ADCYAP1/ADCYAP1R1 internalization and recruitment of endosomal signaling regulate cardiac neuron excitability
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional       gain of function
    following nerve decompression, and its and its expression was associated with recovery of intraepidermal nerve fibres
    constitutional       loss of function
    are associated with clinical severity in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia stages of Alzheimer disease (AD)
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    diabetetype 2 
    may serve as a potential target for the treatment of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
    miscelleaneouspain 
    ADCYAP1 and its receptors may be promising targets for migraine therapeutics
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • Pacap global knockout mice have decreased fertility and Pacap modulates LH release
  • Pacap Knockout (KO) mice exhibit a Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)-like phenotype, with an inability to overcome noxious insults, compression of baseline ventilation, and death in the early post-neonatal period (