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FLASH GENE

Symbol

SHBG

contributors: mct/npt - updated : 31-05-2023

HGNC name	sex hormone-binding globulin
HGNC id	10839

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

EXPRESSION

Type	restricted

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Digestive liver         Homo sapiens Reproductive male system testis         male system prostate       Visual eye

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Digestive hepatocyte Reproductive Sertoli cell

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	N-terminal laminin G-like domain of SHBG includes binding sites for calcium, sex steroids, and fibulin family members, as well as a dimerization domain

conjugated

GlycoP

mono polymer

homomer , dimer

HOMOLOGY

Homologene

FAMILY

laminin G family

CATEGORY

transport carrier

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	intracellular
text	intracellular during spermatogenesis
	produced and secreted by the liver into the bloodstream where it binds sex steroids and regulates their bioavailability

basic FUNCTION	regulating the free concentration of estrogens or steroids that bind to it
	internalized by brain cells, which may be affected by the presence of ER beta
	modulates the bio-availability of serum sex steroid hormones, which may be involved in ovarian cancer
	playing a role in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes (Perry 2010)
	SHBG transports and regulates the activities of androgens and estrogens
	direct, causal role for SHBG in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, as a hepatokine
	is the major carrier protein for sex steroids in plasma, regulating sex hormone availability in most vertebrate groups
	SHBG protects against ER stress development and its progression

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

hormonal , signal transduction

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	SHBG receptor in prostate stromal and epithelial cells
	binding estradiol and testosterone
	HNF4A is a vital transcription factor in the SHBG synthesis process
	SHBG could be involved in glucose metabolism through its regulation of multiple GLUTs

cell & other

REGULATION

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function constitutional     --low   elevated SHBG levels may cause increased bone mass constitutional     --over   higher circulating SHBG levels were directly and independently predictive of lower coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in both men and women

Susceptibility

to variation of age of menarche to variation of hip BMD in men to type 2 diabetes to variation of testosterone level to Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Variant & Polymorphism SNP , other	association of a functional (TAAAA)n polymorphism in the promoter with the timing of menarche
	polymorphisms in the promoter predict serum levels of SHBG, androgens, and glucuronidated androgen metabolites, and hip BMD in men
	SNP rs1799941 was associated with type 2 diabetes (Perry 2010)
	rs727428 was the most significant variant at 17p13 associated with T and DHT levels
	SHBG gene polymorphism is correlated with the risk of PCOS

Candidate gene	role for SHBG as PCOS candidate gene
Marker	SHBG levels may prove to be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS
Therapy target
	System Type Disorder Pubmed diabete type 2   development of SHBG-raising therapies is a means to prevent or treat disorders such as type 2 diabetes

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS