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FLASH GENE
Symbol SHBG contributors: mct/npt - updated : 31-05-2023
HGNC name sex hormone-binding globulin
HGNC id 10839
Location 17p13.1      Physical location : 7.517.381 - 7.536.700
Synonym name
  • androgen binding protein
  • testosterone-estrogen-binding globulin
  • testis-specific androgen-binding protein
  • sex steroid-binding protein
    • Synonym symbol(s) ABP, MGC126834, MGC138391, TEBG, SBP
    EC.number 2.3.1.57
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 19.31 kb     8 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    regulatory sequence
    MAPPING cloned Y linked Y status confirmed
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    text with two alternative products
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    8 initiation site 1213 - 384 in the acrosome during the spermatogenesis 1992 1400872
  • SHBGr-1
    • 8 - 1164 - 344 - 1992 1400872
    7 - 1059 - 293 - 1992 1400872
    6 initiation site 922 - 287 testis, liver 1992 1400872
  • SHBGr-2
  • alternative exon 1 different truncated form,lacking exon 7 (part of steroid binding domain)
    • 8 - 1709 - 344 - 1992 1400872
    7 - 1501 - 235 - 1992 1400872
    8 - 1175 - 286 - 1992 1400872
    8 - 1267 43.8 402 - 1992 1400872
    SHBG v1
    EXPRESSION
    Type restricted
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Digestiveliver     Homo sapiens
    Reproductivemale systemtestis   
     male systemprostate   
    Visualeye    
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Digestivehepatocyte
    ReproductiveSertoli cell
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • N-terminal laminin G-like domain of SHBG includes binding sites for calcium, sex steroids, and fibulin family members, as well as a dimerization domain
    • conjugated GlycoP
    mono polymer homomer , dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • laminin G family
    • CATEGORY transport carrier
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        intracellular
    text
  • intracellular during spermatogenesis
  • produced and secreted by the liver into the bloodstream where it binds sex steroids and regulates their bioavailability
    • basic FUNCTION
  • regulating the free concentration of estrogens or steroids that bind to it
  • internalized by brain cells, which may be affected by the presence of ER beta
  • modulates the bio-availability of serum sex steroid hormones, which may be involved in ovarian cancer
  • playing a role in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes (Perry 2010)
  • SHBG transports and regulates the activities of androgens and estrogens
  • direct, causal role for SHBG in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, as a hepatokine
  • is the major carrier protein for sex steroids in plasma, regulating sex hormone availability in most vertebrate groups
  • SHBG protects against ER stress development and its progression
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling hormonal , signal transduction
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • SHBG receptor in prostate stromal and epithelial cells
  • binding estradiol and testosterone
  • HNF4A is a vital transcription factor in the SHBG synthesis process
  • SHBG could be involved in glucose metabolism through its regulation of multiple GLUTs
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --low  
    elevated SHBG levels may cause increased bone mass
    constitutional     --over  
    higher circulating SHBG levels were directly and independently predictive of lower coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in both men and women
    Susceptibility
  • to variation of age of menarche
  • to variation of hip BMD in men
  • to type 2 diabetes
  • to variation of testosterone level
  • to Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
    • Variant & Polymorphism SNP , other
  • association of a functional (TAAAA)n polymorphism in the promoter with the timing of menarche
  • polymorphisms in the promoter predict serum levels of SHBG, androgens, and glucuronidated androgen metabolites, and hip BMD in men
  • SNP rs1799941 was associated with type 2 diabetes (Perry 2010)
  • rs727428 was the most significant variant at 17p13 associated with T and DHT levels
  • SHBG gene polymorphism is correlated with the risk of PCOS
    • Candidate gene
  • role for SHBG as PCOS candidate gene
    • Marker
  • SHBG levels may prove to be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS
    • Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    diabetetype 2 
    development of SHBG-raising therapies is a means to prevent or treat disorders such as type 2 diabetes
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS