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FLASH GENE
Symbol TAL1 contributors: mct/npt/pgu - updated : 10-06-2016
HGNC name T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1
HGNC id 11556
Corresponding disease
TAL1 T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1
Location 1p33      Physical location : 47.681.962 - 47.695.443
Synonym name
  • T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 5
  • stem cell leukemia
  • hematopoietic transcription factor
  • T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 5
  • Synonym symbol(s) SCL, TCL5, bHLHa17, SCL, TCL5, bHLHa17, tal-1
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 16.08 kb     4 Exon(s)
    Genomic sequence alignment details
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    regulatory sequence Promoter
    alternative promoter
    Binding site   enhancer
    text structure five separate enhancers during gene expression into the diverse subdomain of TAL1 expression
    MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
    Map pter - STIL - TAL1 TAL1 - PDZK1IP1 - cen
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    4 - 5018 34 331 - 2009 19497860
    3 - 4171 - 172 - 2009 19497860
    5 - 4774 - 331 - 2009 19497860
    6 - 4779 - 331 - 2009 19497860
    5 - 4664 - 331 - 2009 19497860
    - - 4647 - 331 - 2009 19497860
    EXPRESSION
    Type widely
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Endocrinethyroid   highly
    Lymphoid/Immunethymus   highly
    Nervousbrainmidbrain   
     brainhindbrain   
     spinal cord    
    Reproductivefemale systemuteruscervix highly
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood / Hematopoieticbone marrow   
    Epithelialbarrier/lining   
    Nervouscentral   
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood/Hematopoieticmature hematopoietic
    Cardiovascularendothelial cell
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    physiological period fetal
    Text hematopoietic progenitors fetal liver
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • basic helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain
  • mono polymer heteromer , dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to zebrafish tal1
    ortholog to murine Tal1
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) family of transcription factor
  • CATEGORY transcription factor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,nucleus,chromatin/chromosome
    basic FUNCTION
  • involved in the development of hemangioblats from early mesoderm, expressed in stem cells and absolutely required, in association with LMO2, in the generation of cell hematopoietic lineages
  • having major functions during embryonic hematopoiesis and in adult erythropoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis, a DNA-binding-dependent and -independent role in erythropoiesis
  • may play an important role in hemopoietic differentiation, regulating immature human hematopoietic cell self-renewal and that this regulation requires TAL1 DNA-binding activity
  • TAL1 transcription factor is essential for the development of the hematopoietic system and plays a role during definitive erythropoiesis in the adult
  • novel role for GATA4 and TAL1 to affect skeletal myogenic differentiation and EPO response via cross-talk with SIRT1
  • potential link between mechanisms driving TAL1 expression and increased EPO sensitivity in erythroid progenitor cells resulting in erythrocytosis
  • has a unique mechanotransductive role in the cardiomyocyte
  • likely has distinct roles in regulating the formation of endocardial intercellular junctions and maintaining endocardial identity
  • is located in the up-stream of MEK/ERK pathway and partially regulates hematopoiesis by modulating the phosphorylation level of the key proteins in MEK/ERK pathway
  • plays a critical role in chromatin loop formation between the gamma-globin genes and LCR, which is a critical step for the transcription of the gamma-globin genes
  • is a central transcription factor for hematopoietic stem cell development in the embryo and for gene regulation during erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation
  • novel function of TAL1, RUNX1 and GATA1 in the transcriptional control of PRKACB activity, with implications for cellular signalling control during differentiation and disease
  • CELLULAR PROCESS nucleotide, transcription
    cell organization/biogenesis
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS cardiovascular , development
    text vasculogenesis
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • heterodimer with bHLH proteins
  • forms heterodimers with TCF3
  • part of the DNA-binding complex containing LMO2, LDB1, TAL1, and GATA1
  • INTERACTION
    DNA binding specifically to E-box motif
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • binds to DRG1
  • binds to the LIM domain containing protein Rhombotin-2
  • associates with many binding partners including E2A, GATA1, LMO2, LDB1, and ETO2, all of which are involved in modulating hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation
  • TAL1 expression activated UBE2H expression, whereas TAL1 knock-down reduced UBE2H expression and ubiquitin transfer activity
  • interacts with RUNX1 and ETS1, and these transcription factors are critically required for TAL1 binding to genes that modulate T-cell differentiation
  • interacting with TRIM33 (regulation of adult hematopoiesis through TRIM33-mediated transcriptional repression of TAL1 and SPI1 target genes)
  • interplay between PRKACA phosphorylation and TAL1-mediated epigenetic regulation that regulates hematopoietic transcription and differentiation programs during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis
  • GATA1 coregulators ZFPM1 and TAL1 dissociate from mitotic chromatin, suggesting that GATA1 functions as platform for their postmitotic recruitment
  • forced TAL1 expression increases EPOR and erythropoietin hypersensitivity in erythroid progenitors
  • TAL1 associates with GATA1, GATA2, lim-only protein LMO2, and LDB1 in a multimeric complex to regulate erythroid transcription
  • TAL1 can recruit GATA1 and increase GATA1 binding to the EPOR promoter region to stimulate gene expression
  • GATA1-dependent looping mechanisms may facilitate the conservation of TAL1 regulation despite cis-regulatory remodeling during vertebrate evolution
  • GATA1 and TAL1 are bound to the regulatory regions of TFDP2 and upregulate its expression
  • TAL1 interacts with the peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PADI4) and PADI4 acts as a coactivator of TAL1 by counteracting repressive histone arginine methylation
  • KLF1 plays a role in facilitating and/or stabilizing GATA1 and TAL1 occupancy in the erythroid genes, contributing to the generation of active chromatin structure such as histone acetylation and chromatin looping
  • in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) DDIT4 is a direct TAL1 target gene
  • link between TAL1 and the MTOR pathway in human early hematopoietic cells
  • TAL1 together with hematopoietic transcription factors RUNX1 and GATA1 binds to the promoter of the isoform 3 of PRKACB
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    activated by activated and acetylated by EPB300/CREBBP, LMO1, LMO2, ICAF
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) TAL1
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral   translocation    
    translocation t(1;14) (p34,q11) or deletion in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with worse response to treatment
    tumoral       gain of function
    Aberrant activation is involved in up to 60p100 of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cases, indicating that misregulation of TAL1's activity may lead to the development of T cell leukemia
    tumoral     --other  
    with LYL1, aberrantly over-expressed in leukemia as a result of chromosomal translocations
    tumoral     --low  
    by aberrant methylation of TAL1 in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pMID: 25830127)
    tumoral       gain of function
    aberrant TAL1 activation is mediated by an interchromosomal interaction in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS