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FLASH GENE
Symbol PDYN contributors: mct - updated : 30-03-2017
HGNC name prodynorphin
HGNC id 8820
Corresponding disease
SCA23 spinocerebellar ataxia 23
Location 20p13      Physical location : 1.959.402 - 1.974.891
Synonym name
  • enkephalin B
  • beta-neoendorphin-dynorphin
  • leu-enkephalin
  • leumorphin
  • preproenkephalin B
  • rimorphin
  • Synonym symbol(s) NDDB, MGC26418, PENKB, ADCA, SCA23
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 15.49 kb     4 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    regulatory sequence Promoter
    motif repetitive sequence
    text structure one to four repeats of a 68 bp element containing one binding site per repeat for the transcription factor Ap1
    MAPPING cloned Y linked Y status provisional
    Map see OXT
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    4 - 2487 - 254 - 2007 16914231
    4 - 2760 - 254 - 2007 16914231
    3 - 2541 - 254 - 2007 16914231
    4 - 2743 - 254 - 2007 16914231
    3 - 2588 - 254 - 2007 16914231
    EXPRESSION
    Type restricted
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Nervousbrainhindbraincerebellum highly Homo sapiens
    Reproductivemale systemtestis   
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    NervousPurkinje cell Homo sapiens
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • N terminal six conserved cysteines
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Pdyn
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • opioids neuropeptides precursors family
  • CATEGORY regulatory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
    text translocation across the plasma membrane may represent a previously unknown mechanism by which dynorphins can signal information to the cell interior
    basic FUNCTION
  • playing a role in Alzheimer disease neuropathology
  • induces calcium influx via voltage-sensitive calcium channels in sensory neurons by activating bradykinin receptors
  • essential role of dynorphin in the termination of seizures
  • activates bradykinin receptors to maintain neuropathic pain
  • regulate pain processing and modulate the rewarding effects of addictive substances
  • acts as a neuromodulator to inhibit ITCH in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • interaction between OPRK1 and its native peptide ligand PDYN
  • REST represses PDYN expression in neuroblastoma cells and the adult human brain and may have implications for mental health and brain/mental disorders
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) SCA23
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --over  
    occurring during aging and AD may mediate cognitive deficits by altering the glutamatergic system integrity
    constitutional     --low  
    in frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
    Susceptibility
  • to alcohol dependence
  • to opioid addiction
  • to develop Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) in subjects with familial predisposition
  • Variant & Polymorphism repeat , other
  • allelic variation at the promoter contributing to prtection against cocaine dependence
  • polymorphisms increasing alcohol dependence
  • functional allelic variants in the PDYN promoter might modify the risk to develop Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) in subjects with familial predisposition
  • polymorphisms in PDYN are associated with opioid addiction
  • Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    miscelleaneouspain 
    mechanism for endogenous dynorphin to promote pain through its agonist action at bradykinin receptors and suggest new avenues for therapeutic intervention
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS