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FLASH GENE
Symbol MAX contributors: mct - updated : 13-03-2024
HGNC name MYC associated factor X
HGNC id 6913
Corresponding disease
GDDMP global developmental delay, macrocephaly and polydactyly
Location 14q23.3      Physical location : 65.472.891 - 65.569.227
Synonym name
  • MAX protein
  • class D basic helix-loop-helix protein 4
  • Synonym symbol(s) orf1, MGC10775, MGC11225, MGC18164, MGC34679, MGC36767, bHLHd4, bHLHd5, bHLHd6, bHLHd7, bHLHd8
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 96.34 kb     5 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    5 - 2068 18.3 160 - 2011 21685915
  • including the bHLHZip domain (AAs 22 to 102) and the casein kinase II phosphorylation sites
  • - - 1900 - ? - -
  • truncated at the C terminus
  • lacking the NLS
  • 4 - 2041 - 151 - 2006 16475822
    6 - 2169 - 103 - 2006 16475822
    4 - 942 - 96 - 2006 16475822
    4 - 575 - 134 - 2006 16475822
    4 - 452 - 83 - 2006 16475822
    EXPRESSION
    Type
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Digestiveintestinelarge intestinecolon highly
     mouth   highly
     pharynx   highly
    Nervousbrain   highly
    Respiratorylung   highly
    Urinarykidney   lowly
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Muscularstriatumskeletal  
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • basic helix-loop-helix (HLH)
  • leucine zipper domains
  • a nuclear localization signal (NLS)
  • mono polymer heteromer , dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLHZ) family of transcription factors
  • CATEGORY transcription factor , tumor suppressor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm
    intracellular,nucleus,chromatin/chromosome
    basic FUNCTION
  • MYC-MAX complex is a transcriptional activator, whereas the MAD-MAX complex is a repressor
  • is the obligatory DNA-binding and dimerization partner for all the bHLHZip regulators of the Myc/Max/Mad network, including the Myc family of oncoproteins and the Mad family of Myc antagonists, which recognize E-box DNA elements in the regulatory regions of target genes
  • is a constitutively expressed and phosphorylated protein
  • key role for the MYC-MAX-MXD1 network in the development and progression of neural crest tumors
  • MAX prevents ectopic and precocious meiosis in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and germ cells, respectively
  • "clock" function of MAX is required for maintaining a proper circadian rhythm and MAX and ARNTL contribute to two temporally alternating transcriptional complexes on clock-regulated promoters
  • MAX regulates clock gene expression and contributes to keeping the balance between positive and negative elements of the molecular clock machinery
  • CELLULAR PROCESS nucleotide, transcription, regulation
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
    a component
  • heterodimerizing with MYC, with high affinity for the DNA-binding site of MYC (transcriptional activator)
  • heterodimerizing with MAD (transcriptional repressor)
  • forms a specific DNA-binding complex with MYC
  • part of the MYC-MAX-MXD1 network
  • INTERACTION
    DNA binding
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • MAD and MNT binding
  • requires dimerization with another bHLH protein to efficient DNA binding
  • MYC and MNT use MAX as a cofactor for DNA binding
  • MYC, ZBTB17 and MAX are associated with the CEBPD promoter in proliferating cells, when CEBPD expression is repressed
  • deacetylation of MYC by SIRT1 promotes its association with MAX, a partner essential for its activation, thereby facilitating MYC transactivation activity on TERT promoter
  • MAX deficiency impairs human endometrial decidualization through down-regulating OSR2 in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other acetylated at the three MAX AA by EP300, which is important for MAX nuclear localization and MAX-mediated suppression of MYC transactivation
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) GDDMP
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral germinal mutation      
    in hereditary pheochromocytoma, with metastatic potential
    tumoral     --over  
    significantly increased expression of MAX protein in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) compared to nonfunctional pituitary adenoma (NFPA)
    constitutional     --low  
    significantly downregulated in the stromal cells derived from decidual tissues of women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA)
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS