| Type | Gene Modification | Chromosome rearrangement | Protein expression | Protein Function
|
|---|
| constitutional
|
|
| --over
|
|
|
plasma ghrelin levels in children with PWS are elevated at any age, including during the first years of life, thus preceding the development of obesity |
| constitutional
|
|
| --low
|
|
low expression of ghrelin and GH, without causal relationship in obesity, and decreases under conditions of positive energy balance, such as feeding, hyperglycaemia and obesity  |
| constitutional
|
|
| --low
|
|
|
in impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) |
| constitutional
|
|
| --over
|
|
|
increases under conditions of negative energy balance, such as starvation, cachexia and anorexia nervosa |
| tumoral
|
|
| --over
|
|
|
in modified prostatic epithelial cells (both hyperplastic or neoplastic) express higher levels of ghrelin than normal prostate |
| constitutional
|
|
| --low
|
|
|
in heart failure |
| constitutional
|
|
| --over
|
|
|
were associated with an increased risk of Barrett esophagus |
| constitutional
|
|
| --over
|
|
|
in young children with Prader-Willi Syndrome long before the onset of hyperphagia, especially during the early phase of poor appetite and feeding |
| constitutional
|
|
| --over
|
|
|
in children with growth hormone deficiency and neurosecretory dysfunction |
