| basic FUNCTION
| involved in the hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis (and regulation of feeding)  |
|
regulating GH release, growth hormone receptor ligand and stimulating insulin secretion |
|
ghrelin secretion predicts bone density independent of body composition, the GH-IGF-I axis, cortisol, or estradiol in healthy girls but not in those with anorexia nervosa |
|
may play an important role as vasodilator local hormones and regulation of blood pressure during hemodialysis |
|
circulating appetite-inducing hormone activity |
|
metabolic hormone capable of binding to GPR39 to regulate the functions of diverse gastrointestinal and adipose tissues |
|
orexigenic hormone that is secreted from the stomach during fasting, stimulates the release of GH (growth hormone) from the pituitary gland and regulates both food intake and energy balance |
|
relaxing agent of iris dilator and sphincter muscles |
|
may play a role in appetite regulation in patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) |
|
involvement of obestatin signalling in glucose homeostasis and T2DM development |
|
involved in inhibiting thirst and anxiety, improving memory, regulating sleep, affecting cell proliferation, and increasing the secretion of pancreatic juice enzymes |
|
induces food intake and seems to alter lipid and glucid metabolism in several tissues such as adipose tissue and liver |
|
in liver may alter the lipid metabolism and the energy balance through a marked decrease in liver fatty acid oxidation |
|
increased beta-cell cAMP and activated extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)/Akt |
|
promotes beta-cell and islet cell survival and stimulates the expression of main regulatory beta-cell genes, identifying a new role for this peptide within the endocrine pancreas |
|
significantly decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis |
|
stimulates exploratory sniffing and increases olfactory sensitivity, presumably enhancing the ability to locate, identify, and select foods |
|
role of ghrelin in the regulation of energy balance and cardiovascular function |
|
negative correlation between active ghrelin levels and birth weight in preterm infants |
|
role in suppression of gut-derived satiety signals |
|
role of obestatin in the regulation of myogenesis in adult skeletal muscle |
|
GHRL/GPR39 system is involved in myogenesis and GHRL is expressed by differentiating myogenic precursors to function in an autocrine manner |
|
exerts its orexigenic action through regulation of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase pathway, leading to a decline in malonyl-CoA levels and desinhibition CPT1A |
|
in addition to formerly reported mechanisms, GHRL also induces food intake through regulation of hypothalamic CPT1C and ceramide metabolism, a finding of potential importance for the understanding and treatment of obesity |
|
role as a circulating orexigenic signal, but has also been found to be involved in the modulation of glucose homeostasis |
|
endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, produced predominantly in the stomach |
|
regulate neurogenesis in the hippocampus |
|
peptide mainly produced by the stomach and released into circulation, affecting energy balance and growth hormone release |
|
GHRL, and LEP play an important role in the maintenance of the balance of IL17-producing and T-regulatory cells during pregnancy |
|
does likely not play a crucial role in feeding behavior, but rather is involved in maintaining body weight |
|
may exert its effects by influencing the functional status of different cell types in the gastric muscle layer to subsequently enhance the contractive effect of cholinergic neurotransmitters and enhance gastric motilit |
|
circulating ghrelin levels are under the control of both acute and chronic energy status: at the acute scale, ghrelin levels are increased by fasting and decreased by feeding, whereas at the chronic scale, they are high in obese subjects and low in lean subject |
|
plays an inhibitory role in the development of hypothalamic neural circuits, suggesting that proper expression of ghrelin during neonatal life is pivotal for lifelong metabolic regulation |
|
plays an autocrine modulatory role in fetal neural development |
|
plays a beneficial role in multiple processes of atherogenesis and vascular function (pMID: 26103606) |
|
is a brain-gut peptide that regulates gastrointestinal (GI) motility |
|
positively regulates GI motility by exciting both central and enteric neurons, including those of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), by activating growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and central neuropeptide Y (NPY) pathways, and peripheral muscarinic acetylcholine receptors |
|
plasma ghrelin is likely affected by stress |
|
ghrelin secretion appears to be intensely responsive to both acute and chronic stress |
|
is an octanoylated peptide hormone that plays a key role in the regulation of the body weight and glucose homeostasis |
|
ghrelin binds to serum ALB and this interaction impacts on the biological activity of the hormone |
