basic FUNCTION
| neuropeptide expressed in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei acting on specific receptors located on vasopressinergic neurons |
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stimulates myosin light chain phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle cells |
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endogenous ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ (APLNR) (Medhurst 2003) |
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potent stimulators of cardiac contractility contributing to the pathophysiology of cardiac heart failure |
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stomach peptide with a potential physiological role in the gastrointestinal tract |
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angiogenic factor in retinal endothelial cells |
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acting as a novel adipocyte endocrine secretion and having a potential link with obesity-associated variations of insulin sensitivity status |
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promote tumor angiogenesis |
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produces direct cardioprotective actions involving the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (Simpkin 2007) |
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mitogenic for endothelial cells, and potent activator of tumour neoangiogenesis (Sorli 2007) |
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plays an important role in heart physiology and pathophysiology, inflammation, and angiogenesis (Principe 2008) |
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is a novel growth factor for embryonic stem cells-derived hematopoietic and endothelial cells |
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modulated the proliferation, migration, spreading, survival of Müller cells and the expressions of GFAP and VEGFA |
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beneficial adipokine with anti-insulin resistance properties |
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released from endothelial cells, regulates vascular tone and myocardial contractility in VSMC and cardiomyocytes |
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APLN/APLNR system functions as a critical mediator of cardiovascular homeostasis and is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. |
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is a positive regulator of ACE2 in failing hearts |
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may play a profibrotic role in the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) |
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antioxidant properties of apelin in adipocytes |
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plays a prominent role in body fluid and cardiovascular homeostasis |
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APLN/APLNR axis is involved in hypoxia-induced proliferation of Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) |
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APLN and APLNR may play a role in human follicular development and the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) |
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is a novel myokine and may play a key role in regulating energy metabolism |
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spinal apelin& |
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8209;APLNR system may drive neuropathic pain |