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FLASH GENE
Symbol CPT1C contributors: mct/shn - updated : 09-12-2016
HGNC name carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C
HGNC id 18540
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 23.06 kb     20 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
regulatory sequence Promoter
text structure polyadenylation signal AATAAA
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
Map cen - D19S879 - D19S604 - CPT1C - D19S867 - D19S585 - qter
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
20 splicing 2853 - 792 - 2004 15363638
20 splicing 2935 - 803 - 2004 15363638
20 splicing 2883 - 803 - 2004 15363638
19 splicing 2814 - 803 - 2004 15363638
EXPRESSION
Type restricted
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Nervousbraindiencephalonhypothalamus highly
 brainlimbic systemhippocampus   Homo sapiens
Visualeyeretina    Homo sapiens
cells
SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Nervousneuron Homo sapiens
Nervouspyramidal cell Homo sapiens
Visualcone photoreceptor Homo sapiens
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • N-terminal end lacks the mitochondrial import signal present in CPT1A and contains a putative microsomal targeting signal responsible for ER localization
  • two membrane-spanning region, and second transmembrane domain is longer than in the other two isoforms, which may enable it to sort proteins to the ER rather than to mitochondrial outer membrane
  • a large C terminal cytosolic domain responsible for the catalytic function
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to Cpt1, Mus musculus
    ortholog to Cpt1c, Rattus Norvegicus
    intraspecies homolog to CPT1A,CPT1B
    Homologene
    FAMILY carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family
    CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria,outer
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,membrane
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endoplasmic reticulum
    text
  • brain-specific isoform located in the endoplasmic reticulum of neurons
  • located in the endoplasmic reticulum throughout the neuron, even inside dendritic spines
  • basic FUNCTION
  • playing a role in neural tissue fatty acid metabolism and in feeding behavior or appetite control
  • participates in a biosynthetic pathway, facilitating the constant transport of palmitate across the ER membrane, rather than in a highly active catabolic pathway such as fatty acid oxidation
  • necessary for the regulation of energy homeostasis
  • can elicit profound effects on brain physiology and total fatty acid profiles
  • is implicated in malonyl-CoA action in leptin hypothalamic anorectic signaling pathways
  • implicated in the hypothalamic regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis
  • regulates the levels of ceramide in the endoplasmic reticulum of hippocampal neurons, and this is a relevant mechanism for the correct maturation of dendritic spines and for proper spatial learning
  • couples malonyl-CoA to ceramide levels thereby contributing to systemic energy homeostasis and feeding behavior
  • plays a role as a novel regulator of AMPAR surface expression in neurons
  • is a regulator of AMPAR translation efficiency and therefore also synaptic function in the hippocampus
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    text carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity
    PATHWAY
    metabolism lipid/lipoprotein
    signaling
    fatty and beta oxidation pathway
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein binding malonyl-CoA, and regulating malonyl-CoA availability in the brain cell
  • in addition to formerly reported mechanisms, GHRL also induces food intake through regulation of hypothalamic CPT1C and ceramide metabolism, a finding of potential importance for the understanding and treatment of obesity
  • despite its potential as a depalmitoylating enzyme, CPT1C does not affect the palmitoylation state of GRIA1
  • CPT1C binds GRIA1 and GRIA2 and that the three proteins have the same expression profile during neuronal maturation
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    inhibited by malonyl-CoA during physiological hyperglycemia w
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) SPG73
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • CPT1c KO mice have lower body weight and food intake, exhibit decreased rates of fatty acid oxidation and are more susceptible to obesity
  • double transgenic mice CPT1c-TgN displayed severe growth retardation and a greater reduction in brain weight in the postnatal period with a stunted development at 2 weeks of age