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FLASH GENE

Symbol

OPN4

contributors: mct/shn - updated : 29-05-2013

HGNC name	opsin 4
HGNC id	14449

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	11.90 kb     10 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

N

status

provisional

Map	cen - D10S1698 - D10S1744 - OPN4 - D10S1687 - D10S579 - qter

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_001030015 11 splicing 2419 NP_001025186 - 489 expressed in the ganglion cell layer of the retina 2009 19793992 Opn4L NM_033282 11 splicing 2386 NP_150598 - 478 expressed in the ganglion cell layer of the retina 2009 19793992 Opn4S 40 times more abundant than Opn4L

EXPRESSION

Type	restricted

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Visual eye retina       Homo sapiens Adult   eye retina       Mus musculus Adult

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Epithelial barrier lining retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)     Homo sapiens Adult Epithelial sensory visual inner nuclear layer   Homo sapiens Adult

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Visual amacrine cell Mus musculus Adult Visual ganglion cell Homo sapiens Adult Visual ganglion cell Mus musculus Adult Visual Muller cell Homo sapiens Adult

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains

seven transmembrane receptor

HOMOLOGY

interspecies	ortholog to Opn4, Mus musculus
	ortholog to OPN4, Pan troglodytes
	ortholog to Opn4 , Rattus norvegicus

Homologene

FAMILY	family 1 of G protein coupled receptors
	OPSIN subfamily

CATEGORY

receptor membrane G

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	plasma membrane
text	dendritis cell locus proximal axonal regions
	expressed in PACAP-containing retinal ganglion cells of the retinohypothalamic tract

basic FUNCTION	mediating regulation of circadian rhythms and acute suppression of pineal melatonin visual pigments of phototransducing RGC that set the circadian clock and initiate other non-image-forming visual functions
	contributes significantly to the magnitude of photic responses
	critical role of melanopsin in circadian photoentrainment in mammals
	could activate the cation channel TRPC3
	acts as a sensory photopigment, coupled to a native ion channel via a G-protein signalling cascade, to drive physiological light detection
	triggers the release of internal calcium stores in response to light
	photopigment that confers photosensitivity upon intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
	photoreceptive molecule regulating circadian systems in mammals
	OPN4 signalling exists in both iris and retina, involving a PLCB4-mediated pathway that nonetheless diverges in the two locations
	employs potentially a bistable sequential photon absorption mechanism typical of rhabdomeric opsins

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

circadian

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

sensory transduction/vision

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein

cell & other

REGULATION

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene

Marker

Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

	melanopsin knockout mice entrained to a light/dark cycle, phase-shifted after a light pulse, and increased circadian period when light intensity increased
	melanopsin-null mice (Opn4-/-) display severely attenuated phase resetting in response to brief pulses of monochromatic light
	retinal ganglion cells of melanopsin-knockout mice were no longer intrinsically photosensitive, but their number, morphology, and projections were normal
	mice lacking melanopsin coupled with disabled rod and cone phototransduction mechanisms have an intact retina but fail to show any significant pupil reflex, to entrain to light/dark cycles, and to show any masking response to light
	mice with both outer-retinal degeneration and a deficiency in melanopsin exhibited complete loss of photoentrainment of the circadian oscillator, pupillary light responses, photic suppression of arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase transcript, and acute suppression of locomotor activity by light