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FLASH GENE
Symbol CCND2 contributors: mct/npt - updated : 27-08-2015
HGNC name cyclin D2
HGNC id 1583
Corresponding disease
MPPH3 megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome 3
Location 12p13.32      Physical location : 4.382.901 - 4.414.521
Synonym name G1/S-specific cyclin D2
Synonym symbol(s) VIN1, KIAK0002, MGC102758
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 31.62 kb     5 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
regulatory sequence Promoter
Binding site
text structure
  • three consensus ZKSCAN3 binding sites were found in the cyclin D2 promoter
  • MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    5 - 6531 33.1 289 - 2008 1871400
    - - - - - - 2013 23326442
  • CycD2SV overexpression in several immortalized cell lines led to formation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates accompanied by a significant decrease in cell proliferation
  • cycD2SV protein aggregates were frequently found in various subcellular compartments such as endosomes, autophagosomes, lysosomes and
  • the microtubule organizing centre
  • mediates cell cycle inhibition by sequestering endogenous cell cycle proteins, such as CCND2 and CDK4, and possibly targeting them for ubiquitin mediated protein degradation.
  • EXPRESSION
    Type
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Cardiovascularheart   highly
    Digestiveintestinelarge intestinecolon highly
    Endocrinepancreas   highly Homo sapiens
    Hearing/Equilibriumear   highly
    Nervousbrainforebraincerebral cortex highly Homo sapiensFetal
    Urinarybladder   highly
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Muscularstriatumskeletal highly
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Endocrineislet cell (alpha,beta...) Homo sapiens
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
    HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • cyclin family
  • cyclin D subfamily
  • CATEGORY regulatory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm
    intracellular,nucleus,chromatin/chromosome
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleolus
    basic FUNCTION
  • regulator of progression through G1 phase during the cell cycle 2
  • involved in gonadal cell proliferation and oncogenesis
  • playing a crucial role in adipocyte differentiation by regulating mitotic clonal expansion
  • crucial role of CCND2 for the support of cortical intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) divisions
  • in the basal process of neural progenitors is linked to non-equivalent cell fates
  • role for CCND2 in the postnatal heart as an effector of GATA4 in myocyte growth and survival
  • has a critical role in cell cycle progression and the tumorigenicity of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs)
  • plays an important role in the induction of early-to-mid G1 phase transition and is required for granulosa cell proliferation during ovarian folliculogenesis
  • positive role of cyclin D2 in Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • translocates CDKN1B from the nucleus into the cytoplasm for its KPC-dependent degradation at the G(0)-G(1) transition
  • role for CCND2 in the postnatal heart as an effector of GATA4 in myocyte growth and survival
  • SMO signaling, acting through CCND2, is critical for the proper development and maturation of the neocortex
  • is a new ETV4 target gene involved in the control of cellular proliferation and migration, a finding that highlights a new negative regulatory loop between ETV4 and CCND2
  • PTBP1 controls mRNA abundance and alternative splicing of important cell cycle regulators including CCND2, MYC, RBL1 and CDC25B
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    induced by
  • overexpression of ZKSCAN3 (induced CCND2 promoter activity in a MAF/MAFB-independent manner, and to an extent that was influenced by the number of consensus ZKSCAN3 binding sites)
  • Other FSH acutely regulated CCND2 expression through both PKA and PI3K signaling pathways during granulosa cell proliferation and also accelerated its ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation, which may prevent overstimulation of granulosa cell proliferation and follicular growth
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) MPPH3
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --over  
    in astrocytomas and glioblastomas
    tumoral     --low  
    through high methylation levels in invasive prostatic carcinoma, correlating with clinicopathologic features of tumor aggressiveness
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • NAV2 and CCND2 are novel candidate prognostic markers in uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) andlow-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS), respectively
  • Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS