Selected-GenAtlas references SOURCE GeneCards NCBI Gene Swiss-Prot Orphanet Ensembl
HGNC UniGene Nucleotide OMIM UCSC
Home Page
FLASH GENE
Symbol VRK1 contributors: mct/npt/pgu - updated : 09-10-2013
HGNC name vaccinia related kinase 1
HGNC id 12718
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a protein kinase domain
  • a dominant epitope located in C-terminal region, between AAs 333 and 396, which is detected by different antibodies
    • HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • protein kinase superfamily
  • Ser/Thr protein kinase family
  • VRK subfamily
    • CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton,microtubule
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleolus
    text
  • dispersed throughout the cell but not located on mitotic spindle or
    • chromatids during mitosis
  • mainly a nuclear protein, with a small fraction found in the cytoplasm and membrane compartments
  • most of the intracellular VRK1 protein is nuclear, but in some cells it is also detected in the cytosol, depending on the type of tissue (has a subcellular localization that can be regulated, thus adding an additional level of regulatory complexity to the VRK1 protein)
    • basic FUNCTION
  • serine/threonine kinase phosphorylating thr-18 of TP 53 and may thereby prevent the interaction between TP53 and MDM2
  • might play a role in cell cycle regulation and is likely to represent the beginning of a new control mechanism of cell cycle, particularly late in the G1-S phase
  • regulator of TP53 and other transcription factors related with cellular responses to stress
  • phosphorylates several transcription factors and is associated with proliferation phenotypes
  • immediate early response gene required for entry in G1, and due to its implication in normal cell proliferation and division
  • plays a key role in viral DNA replication
  • regulates cell cycle progression in the DNA replication period by inducing cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression
  • playing roles in neuronal development and maintenance
  • novel Ser/Thr kinase that is expressed constantly during interphase, and appears to play an important role during this period in the cell cycle
  • important role for VRK1 in cell proliferation and confirm that the need for VRK1 during gametogenesis is evolutionarily conserved
  • can increase cyclin D1 expression via the phosphorylation of the cAMP-response element-binding protein and has a major role in the G1/S transition
  • conserved role for VRK1 in coordinating proper chromosomal configuration in female meiosis
  • controls chromatin condensation by histone phosphorylation, nuclear envelope assembly by phosphorylation of BANF1, and participates in signalling required for Golgi fragmentation late in the G2 phase
  • mitotic kinases that play important roles in cell cycle, nuclear condensation, and transcription regulation
  • VRK1 and VRK2 are atypical active Ser-Thr kinases implicated in control of cell cycle entry, apoptosis and autophagy, and affect signalling by mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK)
  • play crucial roles in germ cell development
  • required for telomere maintenance via phosphorylation of HNRNPA1, which regulates proteins associated with the telomere and telomerase RNA
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • with JUN (activates c-Jun dependent transcription, which is dependent on phosphorylation of Ser63 and Ser73)
  • critical link in the CCND1 gene expression pathway stimulated by Myc overexpression and regulator of CCND1 expression
  • COIL colocalizes and interacts with VRK1 in Cajal bodies, but not with the mutant VRK1)
  • H2AFY functions as a suppressor against VRK1 during interphase
  • H2AFY binds to VRK1 and sequesters it from histone H3 during interphase of the cell cycle
  • in resting cells plays an important role in the formation of ionizing radiation-induced foci that assemble on the TP53BP1 scaffold protein during the DNA damage response
  • evidence for the role of bivalent cations in structural stabilities of VRK1, VRK2, VRK3
  • VRK1 is the major kinase responsible for phosphorylation of BANF1
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) PCH1
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --low  
    has an impact on the proliferation and survival of cell lines derived from normal or malignant mammary tissue, and reduces their oncogenic and metastatic properties
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target might be a new target for development of inhibitors of cellular proliferation
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • mice deficient in the serine/threonine protein kinase Vrk1 are infertile due to a progressive loss of spermatogonia