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FLASH GENE

Symbol

PDYN

contributors: mct - updated : 30-03-2017

HGNC name	prodynorphin
HGNC id	8820

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Corresponding disease	SCA23 spinocerebellar ataxia 23
Location	20p13      Physical location : 1.959.402 - 1.974.891
Synonym name	enkephalin B
	beta-neoendorphin-dynorphin
	leu-enkephalin
	leumorphin
	preproenkephalin B
	rimorphin
Synonym symbol(s)	NDDB, MGC26418, PENKB, ADCA, SCA23

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	15.49 kb     4 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

regulatory sequence	Promoter
motif	repetitive sequence
text structure	one to four repeats of a 68 bp element containing one binding site per repeat for the transcription factor Ap1

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

Y

status

provisional

Map

see OXT

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_001190900 4 - 2487 NP_001177829 - 254 - 2007 16914231 NM_024411 4 - 2760 NP_077722 - 254 - 2007 16914231 NM_001190899 3 - 2541 NP_001177828 - 254 - 2007 16914231 NM_001190898 4 - 2743 NP_001177827 - 254 - 2007 16914231 NM_001190892 3 - 2588 NP_001177821 - 254 - 2007 16914231

EXPRESSION

Type	restricted

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Nervous brain hindbrain cerebellum   highly Homo sapiens Reproductive male system testis

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Nervous Purkinje cell Homo sapiens

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains

N terminal six conserved cysteines

HOMOLOGY

interspecies

homolog to murine Pdyn

Homologene

FAMILY

opioids neuropeptides precursors family

CATEGORY

regulatory

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	plasma membrane
text	translocation across the plasma membrane may represent a previously unknown mechanism by which dynorphins can signal information to the cell interior

basic FUNCTION	playing a role in Alzheimer disease neuropathology
	induces calcium influx via voltage-sensitive calcium channels in sensory neurons by activating bradykinin receptors
	essential role of dynorphin in the termination of seizures
	activates bradykinin receptors to maintain neuropathic pain
	regulate pain processing and modulate the rewarding effects of addictive substances
	acts as a neuromodulator to inhibit ITCH in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	interaction between OPRK1 and its native peptide ligand PDYN
	REST represses PDYN expression in neuroblastoma cells and the adult human brain and may have implications for mental health and brain/mental disorders

cell & other

REGULATION

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

SCA23

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function constitutional     --over   occurring during aging and AD may mediate cognitive deficits by altering the glutamatergic system integrity constitutional     --low   in frontotemporal dementia (FTD)

Susceptibility

to alcohol dependence to opioid addiction to develop Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) in subjects with familial predisposition

Variant & Polymorphism repeat , other	allelic variation at the promoter contributing to prtection against cocaine dependence
	polymorphisms increasing alcohol dependence
	functional allelic variants in the PDYN promoter might modify the risk to develop Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) in subjects with familial predisposition
	polymorphisms in PDYN are associated with opioid addiction

Candidate gene
Marker
Therapy target
	System Type Disorder Pubmed miscelleaneous pain   mechanism for endogenous dynorphin to promote pain through its agonist action at bradykinin receptors and suggest new avenues for therapeutic intervention

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS