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FLASH GENE
Symbol TGFB2 contributors: mct - updated : 28-01-2025
HGNC name transforming growth factor, beta 2
HGNC id 11768
Corresponding disease
LDS4 Loeys-Dietz syndrome, type 4
Location 1q41      Physical location : 218.518.675 - 218.617.959
Genatlas name transforming growth factor beta 2, including the lacking-associated peptide LAP
Synonym name
  • cetermin
  • glioblastoma-derived T-cell suppressor factor
  • polyergin
    • Synonym symbol(s) G-TSF, LDS4, TGF-beta2, MGC116892
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 99.29 kb     8 Exon(s)
    Genomic sequence alignment details
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned Y linked Y status provisional
    Map cen - D1S81 - TGFB2 - D1S48 - D1S74 - qter
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    text additional transcripts resulting from alternative polyadenylation
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    7 splicing 5868 47 414 widely 2011 21087928
    8 splicing 5966 50 442 - 2011 21087928
    EXPRESSION
    Type widely
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Reproductivefemale systembreastmammary gland highly
    Skin/Tegumentskin   highly
    Urinarykidney   highly
    Visualeyeretina    Homo sapiens
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood / Hematopoieticbone marrow   
    Connective    
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
     chondrocyte
    Blood/Hematopoieticmonocyte
    Blood/Hematopoieticplatelet
    Skin/Tegumentkeratinocyte
    VisualMuller cell Homo sapiens
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    physiological period fetal
    Text in the vitreous body, lens, retina, and ciliary-iris complex of human eye at early stages of fetal development
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • precursor protein containing a N terminal LAP (latency associated peptide) sequence
  • EGF repeats
  • a C terminal TGFB sequence
    • mono polymer homomer , dimer
    isoforms Precursor a 112 amino acids mature peptide (12.7 kDa)
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to rattus Tgfb2 (95.17 pc)
    homolog to murine Tgfb2 (95.41 pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY TGF beta superfamily
    CATEGORY signaling cytokine growth factor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endosome
    basic FUNCTION
  • having suppressing effects on interleukin-2 dependent T-cell growth
  • antagonist of BMP7 in human trabecular meshwork cells
  • TGFB2 and hyaluronan signals are integrated to regulate changes in epicardial cell behavior
  • increases extracellular matrix proteins in optic nerve head cells via activation of the Smad signaling pathway
  • TGFB2, GREM1 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are known to play important roles in the induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis
  • Müller cells release TGFB2, inhibiting the proliferation of retinal endothelial cells via activation of Smad2/Smad3 and attenuation of ERK signaling
  • TGFB2 is likely to be acting as a critical factor in axial elongation and development of myopia
  • TGFB2 is a target gene of SOX21
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
  • via the SMAD (MADH2 or MADH3-MADH4) complex
  • importance of SOX21-TGFB2 signaling in iris development and control of eye growth
    • a component forming a small latent complex by disulfide binding between TGFB dimer and the propeptide dimer TGFbeta 1 latency associated polypeptide (LAP)
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • IL2 suppressor of IL-2 dependent T cell growth
  • PAX3 regulates TGFbeta2 by directly binding to cis-regulatory elements on its promoter
  • interacting with CDKN2A (TGFB2 and CDKN2A act in a linear pathway during embryonic development)
  • HOXA10 target gene (HOXA10 activated TGFB2 transcription by interacting with tandem cis elements in the promoter)
  • GREM1 also induces both TGFB2 and CTGF, which can act downstream to mediate some of these ECM changes in trabecular meshwork (TM)cells
  • SDC2 modulates TGFB2 transcriptional regulation via Smad signaling to facilitate fibrosarcoma cell adhesion
  • regulates hypothalamic TRH expression through the TGFbeta inducible early gene-1 (KLF10) during fetal development
  • HOXB7 promotes tumor progression in a cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manner through activation of the TGFb2 signaling pathway
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    induced by resveratrol (a polyphenolic compound found in the skin of red fruits)
    inhibited by CNTN2 (CNTN2 inhibits TGFbeta2-mediated neuronal cell death via APP by attenuating the binding of TGFbeta2 to APP in a gamma-secretase-independent manner, which may contribute to the onset and the progression of Alzheimer disease-relevant neuronal cell death)
    Other regulated by cytokines (may be responsible for the biological behaviour)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) LDS4
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • Tgfb2-null mice die shortly after birth and have ascending aortas that are comparatively small and thin walled and other development defects involving the heart, lung, craniofacial, limb, spinal column, eye, inner ear and urogenital systems