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FLASH GENE
Symbol PRKCD contributors: mct - updated : 10-12-2017
HGNC name protein kinase C, delta
HGNC id 9399
Corresponding disease
CVID9 immunodeficiency, common variable, 9
Location 3p21.1      Physical location : 53.195.222 - 53.226.731
Synonym name serine/threonine protein kinase
Synonym symbol(s) PKCD, MAY1, nPKC-delta
EC.number 2.7.11.13
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 31.53 kb     19 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
regulatory sequence Promoter
Binding site   transcription factor
text structure multiple putative tranription binding sites involved in spermatogenesis, embryogenesis, development
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
19 - 2850 77 676 - 2003 12809676
encoding for the same product as variant 2
18 splicing 2738 77 676 - 2003 12809676
  • lacking exon 2
  • encoding for the same product as variant 1
  • EXPRESSION
    Type widely
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Digestiveintestinelarge intestinecolon moderately
    Endocrinepancreas   lowly
     parathyroid   moderately
    Lymphoid/Immunespleen   lowly
    Nervousbrain   lowly
     nerve   moderately
    Reproductivefemale systemovary  moderately
     female systembreastmammary gland moderately
     male systemprostate  moderately
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood / hematopoieticbone marrow    Homo sapiens
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood/Hematopoieticplatelet Homo sapiens
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion lymph
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • an N-terminal regulatory domain with an inhibitory pseudosubstrate sequence and two cysteine-rich zinc-finger-like sequences (C1A and C1B)
  • two zinc-dependent phorbol-ester and DAG binding domains
  • one c2 domain
  • a C-terminal catalytic domain with two conserved regions, an ATP-binding region (C3) and a catalytically active substrate-binding region (C4), with a putative nuclear localization signal in the catalytic domain
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to rattus Prkcd (89.90 pc)
    homolog to murine Prkcd (90.79 pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • Ser/Thr protein kinases family
  • PKC subfamily
  • CATEGORY signaling , receptor membrane tyrosine
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endoplasmic reticulum
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
    intracellular,nucleus
    text translocates into the nucleus after exposure of cells to 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C)
    basic FUNCTION
  • involved in proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) ectodomain shedding upon TPA stimulation
  • may be playing a role in antigen-dependent control of B-cell function
  • required for mitochondrial apoptosis induction by genotoxic stress
  • plays an essential role in the genotoxic stress response leading to apoptotic cell death in various cell types
  • plays a role in the development of hypertension-induced encephalopathy
  • plays an essential role in the regulation of apoptosis in response to a large and diverse array of apoptotic stimuli
  • directly transduces TCR signals leading to polarized granule secretion
  • plays a key role in the inflammatory effect of IL6 in adipose cells
  • differentially regulates platelet functional responses
  • function in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene repression and plays a key role in cellular senescence program
  • acts both upstream and downstream of caspase-3 for apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells
  • with PRKCH, differently regulate the expression of loricrin and Jun family proteins in keratinocytes
  • plays a role in alanine aminotransferase release, the ER stress signal, and cell death
  • regulates palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity
  • plays a role not only in the propagation of the ER stress signal but also in cell death
  • CELLULAR PROCESS cell life, differentiation
    cell life, proliferation/growth
    cell life, cell death/apoptosis
    protein, post translation
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
  • PRKCD-MARK2-EIF2A cascade that may play a critical role in cellular proteotoxic stress responses and human diseases
  • a component
  • PRMT5/WDR77-dependent methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that assists in silencing of IVL expression, and PRKCD signaling activates gene expression by directly activating transcription and by suppressing PRMT5/WDR77-dependent arginine dimethylation of promoter-associated histones
  • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • PDK1, NFKB (involved in the expression of PRKCD)
  • RAD9A
  • interacting with VHL
  • interaction between PRKCD and PRKDC participates in apoptosis induced by DNA damage
  • apoptotic lamin kinase (efficient nuclear lamina disassembly at apoptosis requires lamin B phosphorylation followed by its caspase-6-mediated proteolytic degradation)
  • interacted with and phosphorylated phospholipid scramblase 3 (PLSCR3) after UV irradiation
  • IFNA1-induced the expression of IFIT3 and STAT1 in THP-1 cells, and this process was significantly antagonized by the specific inhibitors of both PRKCD and MAPK8
  • interacting with TRO (Trophinin-mediated cell adhesion induces apoptosis of human endometrial epithelial cells through PRKCD)
  • cathepsin K exocytosis is controlled by PRKCD through modulation of the actin bundling protein myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS)
  • BTK was involved in close contact with Tyr86 and Tyr106 of MAL whereas PKRKCD may phosphorylate Tyr106 only
  • PRKCD-mediated MARCKS phosphorylation as a key step in the inflammatory response of neutrophils
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    activated by a variety of stimuli, including ionizing radiation, anticancer agents, reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultraviolet radiation, growth factors and cytokines
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) CVID9
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional       gain of function
    its activation plays a role in progression of steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    immunologyinflammatory 
    may be a suitable target for novel anti-inflammatory agents
    neurologyleukoencephalopathy 
    may be a therapeutic target for the prevention of blood-brain barrier disruption
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS