Selected-GenAtlas references	SOURCE	GeneCards	NCBI Gene	Swiss-Prot	Ensembl
	HGNC	UniGene	Nucleotide	OMIM	UCSC

Home Page

FLASH GENE

Symbol

PRKCB

contributors: mct - updated : 07-03-2012

HGNC name	protein kinase C, beta 1
HGNC id	9395

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Location	16p12.2      Physical location : 23.847.299 - 24.231.930
Synonym symbol(s)	PKCB, PRKCB2, PKC-beta, PRKCB1
EC.number	2.7.1.37/ 2.7.11.13

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	384.63 kb     18 Exon(s)

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

N

status

provisional

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

text	two isoforms beta1 and beta2

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_212535 17 splicing 2711 NP_997700 76 671 - 2004 15037605 PKCBI using an alternate exon at the 3' end compared to variant 2, which includes a part of the coding region 17 exons, the last exon is different from variant 2 translocated from the cytosol to the particulate membrane after plating on poly-l-lysine (this translocation was inhibited by the addition of an antioxidant) (DelCarlo) NM_002738 17 splicing 8014 NP_002729 76 673 - 2004 15037605 PKCBII 17 exons, the last exon is different from variant 1 translocated to a novel juxtanuclear compartment as observed in several cell types autoregulation is mediated through a MEK-dependent signaling pathway in RIE/PKCbetaII and HCT116 colon cancer cells increased in the myocardium of patients with end-stage heart failure (HF)

EXPRESSION

Type	ubiquitous

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Lymphoid/Immune lymph node       predominantly   spleen       highly   thymus       highly Nervous brain       moderately

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Blood / Hematopoietic bone marrow       Lymphoid

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Blood/Hematopoietic neutrophil

cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion	blood

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	a C2 domain including a phosphatidine binding site
	a catalytic domain
	two phorbol-ester/DAG-type
	an ATP binding site
	a proton acceptor site

conjugated

PhosphoP , Other

HOMOLOGY

interspecies	ortholog to rattus Prkcb1
	ortholog to murine Prkcb1

Homologene

FAMILY	Ser/Thr kinase superfamily
	PKC family, class I

CATEGORY

enzyme

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	plasma membrane
	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
	intracellular,nucleus
text	translocating to cytoplasm after autophosphorylation

basic FUNCTION	involved in many different cellular functions, such as B cell activation, apoptosis induction, endothelial cell proliferation, and intestinal sugar absorption and may also regulate neuronal functions
	acting as a calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent, serine- and threonine-specific enzyme
	serving as the receptor for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters
	playing critical roles in mediating progenitor to dendritic cells differentiation
	plays a major role in TNF-alpha-induced human vascular endothelial cell apoptosis
	regulates rod photoreceptor differentiation through modulation of STAT3 signaling
	cell-signaling intermediate implicated in development of diabetic complications
	promoting colon carcinogenesis (beta II)
	playing a role in cytokinesis (function mediated by an interaction with pericentrin at centrosomes) (beta II)
	PRKCA and PRKCB, are involved in most platelet responses implicated in thrombus formation
	required for recruiting IKBKB into lipid rafts, up-regulating NF-KB-dependent survival signal
	role for PRKCB as a negative regulator of SYK tyrosine phosphorylation downstream of GP6

CELLULAR PROCESS	cell life, differentiation

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

signal transduction

	may be considered as a novel component of the NF-kappa-B signaling axis responsible for the survival and activation of B cells after BCR cross-linking
	PRKCB/ELAVL1 activation was accompanied by enhanced VEGFA protein expression in diabetic retinopathy

a component

acetylation

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule	metal binding, nucleotide,
	Ca2+ (3 ions per subunit, bound to the C2 domain)
	ATP
	Zn2+

protein	NELL proteins (thrombospondin-1like)
	phosphorylating p47 (phox)/NCF1 and activating NADPH oxidase
	PDK1
	the region including the three LIM domains of PDLIM5/ENH1 (AAs 415-591) appears to be sufficient for this PRKCB activation
	PRKCA, PRKCB, stimulates collecting duct EDN1 synthesis via transcriptional activation of the EDN1 promoter (
	is the isoform responsible for SYK negative regulation in human platelets
	in B lymphocytes, USP9X is required for the induction of PRKCB activity after BCR-dependent activation

cell & other

phosphatidylserine

REGULATION

activated by

diacylglycerol which in turn phosphorylates a range of cellular proteins

induced by

EFHD2 (PRKCB1/PRKCH-inducible gene that modulates mast cell activation through NF-kappaB-dependent pathway

Other

positive autoregulation involves up-regulation of PKC-beta promoter activity by constitutive PKC signaling

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function constitutional     --over   in the myocardium of patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) tumoral     --over   in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, stimulated by VEGFA

Susceptibility

for diabetic nephropathy in type I diabetes mellitus to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Variant & Polymorphism SNP	rs16972959 increasing the risk of SLE

Candidate gene	for autism
Marker
Therapy target
	System Type Disorder Pubmed diabete type 2   PRKCB/ELAVL1 with enhanced VEGFA protein expression is a new potential pharmacological target to counteract pathologies implicating VEGF deregulation, such as diabetic retinopathy

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS