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FLASH GENE
Symbol ENO2 contributors: mct - updated : 11-03-2020
HGNC name enolase 2, (gamma, neuronal)
HGNC id 3353
Location 12p13.31      Physical location : 7.023.613 - 7.032.859
Genatlas name enolase 2, gamma subunit,neuronal (2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase)
Synonym name
  • 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolyase
  • neural enolase
  • neuron specific gamma enolase
  • epididymis secretory protein Li 279
    • Synonym symbol(s) NSE, HEL-S-279
    EC.number 4.2.1.11
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 9.25 kb     12 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned Y linked   status confirmed
    Map see TPI1
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    12 - 2423 - 434 - 1991 2045099
    EXPRESSION
    Type ubiquitous
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Nervousbrain   highly
    Visualeyeanterior segmentcornea highly
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Nervousperipherous   
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Nervousneuron
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
    HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY enolase family
    CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
    text
  • is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of neurons and neuroendocrine cells, especially in those of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) lineage such as pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, intestine and lung
    • basic FUNCTION
  • having neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties on a broad spectrum of central nervous system (cns) neurons
  • ENO2 and arrestin are novel nonmyelin autoantigens in multiple sclerosis
  • in the glycolysis-related energy pathway, might be involved in higher metabolic activity during the day than at night, at least in part
  • is a biomarker for neuronal stress
  • PPP1R1A, OTULINL, ENO2, and GNG5 are potential regulators of islet function
  • is a form of glycolytic enolase isozyme and is considered a multifunctional protein
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule cofactor,
    magnesium, required for catalysis and for stabilizing the dimer
    protein
    cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --over  
    dramatically in cardiovascular accidents, cerebral trauma, brain tumors and creutzfeldt-jacob disease
    constitutional     --over  
    early elevations (up to 3 days) of S100B and ENO2 secondary to severe traumatic brain injury, predict deterioration to brain death, but more prominently associated with ENO2 than S100B
    constitutional     --over  
    in patients with migraine-without aura, increased ictal serum S100B and ENO2 levels together with increased interictal levels of S100B suggested that migraine might be associated with glial and/or neuronal damage in the brain and a prolonged disruption of blood-brain barrier
    constitutional     --low  
    associated with better neurologic outcomes of head trauma in children (
    constitutional     --over  
    in tic disorders (TD)
    constitutional     --over  
    in diabetic ketoacidosis and correlated with the severity of hyperglycemia, ketosis, and acidosis
    constitutional     --over  
    in asymptomatic carriers of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • increased serum GFAP, S100B, ENO2 are associated with acute CO poisoning, and these biomarkers can be useful in assessing the clinical status of patients with CO poisoning
  • ENO2 concentrations in older people may be a useful predictor of individuals at risk of more severe long-term cognitive decline
  • serum ENO2 levels are closely associated with peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes
  • may be likely a significant biomarker in Tics didorder
  • AVP and ENO2 measured in the early postnatal period are potential prognostic biomarkers of long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in term neonates diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and treated with therapeutic hypothermia
    • Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS