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FLASH GENE
Symbol CD19 contributors: mct - updated : 24-11-2020
HGNC name CD19 molecule
HGNC id 1633
Corresponding disease
CVID3 common variable immunodeficiency 3
Location 16p11.2      Physical location : 28.943.259 - 28.950.667
Synonym name
  • cell differentiation antigen CD19, B cell surface membrane protein PAX5 (BSAP) dependent, identified by monoclonal antibodies B4, HD37 and others, linked to the integrin associated CD9, CD81, KAI1
  • CD19 antigen
  • B- lymphocyte surface antigen B4
  • differentiation antigen CD19
  • T-cell surface antigen Leu-12
    • Synonym symbol(s) B4, MGC12802, Leu-12, CVID3
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 7.61 kb     15 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned Y linked   status confirmed
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    15 - 1921 - 557 - 1995 7532151
    15 - 1965 - 556 - 1995 7532151
    14 - 1651 - 467 - 1995 7532151
    EXPRESSION
    Type widely
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Lymphoid/Immunelymph node   highly
     spleen   highly
     thymus   highly
     tonsils   highly
    Nervousbrain    
    Skin/Tegumentskin   highly
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion lymph
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • an extracellular N-terminus
  • a single transmembrane domain
  • a signal peptide
  • YXXM motif crucial for regulating B-cell development in that mutation of these motifs abrogated their ability to induce BCR-mediated AKT activation as well as to promote B-cell development
  • two immunoglobulin-like C2-type domains
  • a cytoplasmic C-terminus
    • conjugated GlycoP
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Cd19
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • immunoglobulin superfamily
    • CATEGORY antigen
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
    text type 1 membrane protein
    basic FUNCTION
  • may be involved in growth regulation of B-cells
  • assembling with the antigen receptor of B lymphocytes in order to decrease the threshold for antigen receptor-dependent stimulation
  • essential role for CD19, independent of the costimulatory molecule CD21, in amplifying early B cell activation events in response to membrane-bound ligand stimulation
  • PIK3AP1 and CD19 have complementary roles in BCR-mediated PI3K activation, thereby, at least in part, contributing to B-cell development
  • response regulator of B lymphocytes, regulates wound healing through hyaluronan-induced TLR4 signaling
  • role for complement receptors in B-cell memory independent of CD19
  • B-cell transmembrane molecule that is critical for B-cell activation
  • functions in a complex with CD21, CD81, and CD225 to signal with the B cell receptor upon antigen recognition
  • is critically involved in establishing intrinsic B cell signaling thresholds through modulating both B cell receptor-dependent and independent signaling
  • CD19 positively regulates B cell activation, augmenting signals delivered through the BCR complex
  • CD19 is present throughout the cell life cycle and is uniformly expressed in leukemias
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • importance of interaction of complement receptors and CD19 for coreceptor activity in humoral immunity
  • interaction with CD81 (CD81 gene defect disrupts CD19 complex formation and leads to antibody deficiency)
  • direct target of PAX5 in cells with and without the t(8;21) chromosomal translocation
  • PAX5 binds to the promoter and enhancer of CD19 gene and remodels chromatin structure at the promoter
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other differential phosphorylation of functional tyrosines in CD19 modulates B-lymphocyte activation
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) CVID3
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • is a biomarker for normal and neoplastic B cells, as well as follicular dendritic cells
    • Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cancerhemopathy 
    target for chimeric antigen receptor engineered immune cell therapy in leukemia
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS