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FLASH GENE

Symbol

CARTPT

contributors: mct/npt - updated : 07-06-2023

HGNC name	CART prepropeptide
HGNC id	24323

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Location	5q13.2      Physical location : 71.014.989 - 71.016.875
Synonym name	amphetamine and cocaine regulated transcript
	cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript
Synonym symbol(s)	ARCT, CART

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	1.88 kb     3 Exon(s)

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

N

status

provisional

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_004291 3 - 933 NP_004282 - 116 - 2021 33757831

EXPRESSION

Type	restricted

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Endocrine neuroendocrine pituitary       Nervous brain diencephalon hypothalamus   specific

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Nervous neuron

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains

secondary structure

compact structure containing three disulfide bridges is necessary for preservation of full biological activity of CARTPT (Maixnerova 2007)

HOMOLOGY

interspecies

homolog to rattus Cart

Homologene

FAMILY

CART family

CATEGORY

regulatory , signaling neurotransmitter

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION

extracellular

basic FUNCTION	satiety factor, anorexigenic peptide responding to leptin
	regulating bone resorption independently of the role it may exert in energy metabolism
	plays an important role in the hypothalamic regulation of energy balance by reducing food intake and increasing lipid substrate utilization
	inhibits expression of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and induces expression of uncoupling proteins
	involved in reward and feeding behavior and has functional characteristics of an endogenous psychostimulant (Lohoff 2008)
	plays an important role in the hypothalamic regulation of energy balance by reducing food intake and increasing lipid substrate utilization (Vasseur 2007)
	potential implication in lipid metabolism and in atherogenesis (Vasseur 2007)
	CART is functional in inhibiting the cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced ER stress and neuronal apoptosis by facilitating the transcription, synthesis and secretion of BDNF in a CREB-dependent way
	is a regulator of glucose homeostasis and could play an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes
	CARTPT is important for maintaining the beta-cell phenotype

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	direct causal role of NR4A1 in sustained activation of CARTPT and in attenuation of cocaine-evoked behavior
	leptin
	GPR160 cannot be a receptor for CARTPT

cell & other

REGULATION

Other	amphetamine and cocaine regulated transcript
	regulated by circulating leptin

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function constitutional     --over   in type 2 diabetic islets and inhibits glucagon secretion and increases insulin secretion

Susceptibility

to obesity to atherogenesis

Variant & Polymorphism SNP , other	L34F increase the risk of obesity
	SNP 3608C>T) associated with lower plasma LDL-cholesterol levels suggesting protection against the development of atherogenesis

Candidate gene	reduced CARTPT is a sign of hypothalamic dysfunction in dementia with Lewy bodies and may serve as a biomarker for this patient group (Schulz 2009)
Marker
Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

overexpressed beta cell Cartpt increases insulin secretion in mouse models of insulin resistance and diabetes