Selected-GenAtlas references SOURCE GeneCards NCBI Gene Swiss-Prot Ensembl
HGNC UniGene Nucleotide OMIM UCSC
Home Page
FLASH GENE
Symbol ATE1 contributors: mct - updated : 07-05-2020
HGNC name arginyltransferase 1
HGNC id 782
Location 10q26.13      Physical location : 123.502.625 - 123.687.546
Synonym name Arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase 1
Synonym symbol(s) FLJ20003, MGC26724
EC.number 2.3.2.8
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 188.38 kb     13 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
regulatory sequence Promoter
text structure
  • ATE1 promoter is bidirectional, mediating the expression of both ATE1 and an oppositely oriented, previously uncharacterized gene
    • MAPPING cloned Y linked N status provisional
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    12 - 5165 - 511 - 2006 16943202
    12 - 4930 - 518 - 2006 16943202
    11 - 4826 - 403 - 2006 16943202
         - 403 - 2006 16943202
    12 - 4895 - 518 - 2006 16943202
    10 - 4803 - 422 - 2006 16943202
    EXPRESSION
    Type
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Lymphoid/Immunethymus    
    Respiratoryrespiratory tractlarynx   
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
    mono polymer monomer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Ate1
    Homologene
    FAMILY R-transferase family
    CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm
    intracellular,nucleus
    text
  • ATE1 prominently localized to the growth cones, in addition to the cell bodies
    • basic FUNCTION
  • involved in posttranslational conjugation of arginine to N-terminal aspartate or glutamate residues
  • acyltransferase activity
  • is essential for cardiovascular development and angiogenesis in mammals and directly affects myocardium structure in the developing heart
  • is an emerging major regulator of embryogenesis and cell physiology, and impairments of ATE1 are implicated in congenital heart defects, obesity, cancer, and neurodegeneration
  • arginylation by ATE1 is involved in phosphorylation-dependent protein regulation, and that arginylation affects myosin function in platelets during clot retraction
  • arginylation is an emerging posttranslational modification mediated by Arg-tRNA-protein-transferase (ATE1)
  • enzyme responsible for post-translational arginylation, modulates the functions of a wide variety of proteins and polypeptides, and is also involved in the main degradation pathways of intracellular proteins
  • mediates protein arginylation, a poorly understood protein posttranslational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells
  • required to suppress mutation frequency in yeast and mammalian cells during DNA-damaging conditions such as ultraviolet irradiation
  • is targeted to the neuronal growth cones and regulates neurite outgrowth during brain development
  • role of ATE1 in suppressing prostate cancer metastasis, which has a profound significance for establishing metastatic indicators for prostate cancer
  • conserved enzyme in eukaryotes mediating posttranslational arginylation, the addition of an extra arginine to an existing protein
  • ATE1 specifically regulates a handful of cellular processes, which will provide critical mechanistic leads for studying the involvements of ATE1 in normal physiologies as well as in diseased conditions
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
  • is a component of the N-end rule pathway, which recognizes proteins containing N-terminal degradation signals called N-degrons, polyubiquitylates these proteins, and thereby causes their degradation by the proteasome
    • a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • critical link between protein arginylation and MRTFA activity and ATE1 is upstream of MRTFA
  • ATE1-encoded Arg-transfer RNA transferase (R-transferase) of the N-end rule pathway mediates N-terminal arginylation of multiple endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-residing chaperones (HSPA5) leading to their cytosolic relocalization and turnover
  • crucial role of ATE1 in neural tube development is directly related to proper turn-over of the RGS4 protein, which participate in the oxygen-sensing mechanism in the cells
  • turnover of HSPA5 was in part driven by its N-terminal arginylation (Nt-arginylation) by the arginyltransferase ATE1, which generated an autophagic N-degron of the N-end rule pathway
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • Ate1-deficient mice die during embryogenesis with defects in cardiac and vascular development
  • cell-autonomous cardiac myocyte defects in arginylation knockout mice that lead to severe congenital abnormalities similar to those observed in human disease