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FLASH GENE
Symbol ARC contributors: mct/pgu - updated : 16-02-2013
HGNC name activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein
HGNC id 648
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
HOMOLOGY
Homologene
FAMILY
  • ARC/ARG3.1 family
  • CATEGORY regulatory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endosome
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton
    intracellular,nucleus
    text
  • present exclusively in the postsynaptic compartment
  • basic FUNCTION
  • comodulator with FB1 of cell death in brain
  • required for the late-phase of long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory consolidation, and has been implicated in AMPA receptor trafficking
  • required for multiple forms of synaptic plasticity that depend on its endocytic function including homeostatic scaling
  • first target of serum response factor that functions at synapses to mediate plasticity
  • functions as a spectrin-binding protein, forming a complex that may provide a role at sites of transcriptional regulation within the nucleus
  • synaptic protein that promotes the internalization of the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors
  • PDGF-mediated induction of ARC involved activation of the MAPK/ERK (MEK) pathway
  • effector immediate-early gene rapidly induced by strong neural activity
  • functional rolein memory reconsolidation processes in the mammalian brain
  • required for activity-dependent generation of APP
  • role in postsynaptic trafficking and processing of APP that appears relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease
  • potentially functioning to increase gamma-secretase in dendritic trafficking endosomes that process APP
  • critically contributes to weakening synapses by promoting AMPAR endocytosis
  • essential roles both for the late phase of long-term plasticity and for reduction of surface AMPA-Rs in stimulated neurons
  • crucial mediator for actin polymerization functions
  • CELLULAR PROCESS cell life, cell death/apoptosis
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • interacts with SH3GL1/endophilin-2, SH3GL3/endophilin-3 and DNM2
  • neuron-specific, postsynaptic protein that interacts with endophilin and dynamin and contributes to an endocytic pathway that accelerates removal of AMPA receptors from excitatory synapses
  • interacting with UBE3A (UBE3A regulates excitatory synapse development by controlling the degradation of ARC)
  • neuronal NOTCH1 signaling is positively regulated by ARC, an activity-induced gene required for synaptic plasticity
  • physically associates with presenilin1 (PSEN1) to regulate gamma-secretase trafficking and confer activity dependence
  • ARC and PSEN1 directly and specifically interact
  • activation of intracellular GRM5 also up-regulates genes involved in synaptic plasticity including activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (ARC)
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    induced by specific patterns of synaptic activity
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --other  
    ARC expression is maintained at normal or supranormal levels in a brain area impacted by AD, and thus could contribute to APP generation and pathology
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS