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FLASH GENE
Symbol GNL3 contributors: mct - updated : 23-08-2016
HGNC name guanine nucleotide binding protein-like 3 (nucleolar)
HGNC id 29931
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES acid ,basic
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • an N-terminal basic domain
  • an intermediate domain
  • a C-terminal acidic domain
  • two GTP-binding motifs
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to S. cerevisiae NUG1
    ortholog to rattus Ns
    Homologene
    FAMILY MMR1/HSR1 GTP-binding protein family
    CATEGORY regulatory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleolus
    text Shuttling between the nucleus and nucleolus
    basic FUNCTION
  • may be required to maintain the proliferative capacity of stem cells
  • may play an important role in both tumorigenesis and transforming embryonic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
  • involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, and both depletion and overexpression of nucleostemin induce cell cycle arrest through the TP53 signaling pathway (Romanova 2009)
  • has a role as an integrated component of ribosome biogenesis, particularly pre-rRNA processing (Romanova 2009)
  • playing a role in ribosome biogenesis and in regulating cell proliferation (Romanova 2009)
  • has an unexpected role in post-mitotic terminal differentiation
  • is implicated in the control of stem and cancer cell proliferation
  • potential role in tumorogenesis of brain cancers
  • maintains self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and promotes reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency
  • implicated in the maintenance of ESC self-renewal, demonstrating the importance of rapid transit through G1 for this process
  • primary function of nucleostemin in maintaining the genomic stability of actively dividing stem/progenitor cells by promoting the recruitment of RAD51 to stalled replication-induced DNA damage foci
  • protects HSCs from DNA damage accumulation and is required for the maintenance of HSCs
  • nucleolus residing GTPase that is considered to be an important cancer stem/progenitor cell marker protein due to its high expression levels in breast cancer stem cells and its role in tumor-initiation of human mammary tumor cells
  • nucleolar GTP-binding protein that is involved in a plethora of functions including ribosomal biogenesis and maintenance of telomere integrity
  • participates in preservation of the viability and integrity of ESCs, which is distinct from that in other GNL3-expressing cells
  • nucleolar protein with pivotal functions in maintaining genomic integrity and determining cell fates of various normal and cancerous stem cells
  • nucleolar proteins GNL2 and GNL3 have similar but non-overlapping roles in the final maturation or nucleolar release of 60S ribosomal subunits
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component forms a large protein complex containing proteins related to pre-rRNA processing, such as PES1, DDX21, and EBNA1BP2, in addition to several ribosomal proteins (Romanova 2009)
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule nucleotide,
  • GTP
  • protein
  • p53/TP53 via its basic domain
  • RSL1D1 is a GNL3-interacting protein
  • TERF1 dimerization is actively and oppositely regulated by GNL3 and GNL3L extrachromosomally
  • functions downstream of MYC as a rate-limiting regulator of cell proliferation and transformation, independently from its putative role within the TP53 pathway
  • prevents telomere damage by promoting PML-IV recruitment to SUMOylated TERF1
  • may play a significant role in the determination of breast cancer progression in association with TP53 alterations
  • stabilizes CDKN2A by inhibiting the ubiquitin ligase TRIP12
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    induced by estrogen
    Other regulated by CDKN2A and the control of the G1/S transition by NS operates in a TP53-dependent manner (Ma 2007)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --over  
    in lung cancer
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS