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FLASH GENE
Symbol NPC2 contributors: mct/npt/pgu - updated : 11-02-2015
HGNC name Niemann-Pick disease, type C2
HGNC id 14537
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES globular
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a signal peptide, a 19-amino acid signal that represents a major secretory component of the epididymal fluid
  • three potential glycosylation sites
  • three cysteine-disulfide bonds
  • conjugated GlycoP
    isoforms Precursor
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to rattus Npc2 (80.95 pc)
    homolog to murine Npc2 (81.21 pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • NPC2 family
  • CATEGORY secretory , transport
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endosome
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,lysosome
    text
  • soluble
  • within late endosomes and lysosomes, NPC1 and NPC2 proteins are required for the subsequent delivery of cholesterol to other intracellular compartments
  • basic FUNCTION
  • potential contributor with NPC1 in transport of cholesterol out the lysosome
  • relevant to cholesterol transport and secretory protein from human epididymis
  • soluble lysosomal glycoprotein that binds cholesterol, an have specialized function in lysosomal sterol transport
  • intralysosomal protein that binds cholesterol
  • plays an important role in endo/lysosomal cholesterol trafficking by markedly accelerating the rates of cholesterol transport
  • might regulate sodium reabsorption in the terminal nephron by interacting with SCNN1A system
  • participates in SCNN1A ubiquitination by binding with the NEDD4L C2 domain
  • required for efficient membrane fission events from nascent hybrid organelles, which is thought to be required for the reformation of lysosomes and the release of lysosomal cargo-containing membrane vesicles
  • with NPC1 can function independently of one another in the egress of certain membrane-impermeable lysosomal cargo
  • role of endosomal membrane lipids and NPC2 in cholesterol transfer and membrane fusion
  • soluble NPC2 and membrane-bound NPC1 are cholesterol-binding lysosomal proteins required for export of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol from lysosomes
  • action for NPC1 and NPC2 in mediating cholesterol efflux
  • by negatively regulating ERK 1/2 MAPK phosphorylation may efficiently suppress development of maladaptive tissue remodeling and inflammation
  • positive regulator of biliary cholesterol secretion via stimulation of ABCG5/ABCG8-mediated cholesterol transport
  • function of NPC1, NPC2 within lysosomes are linked closely
  • thought to play an important role in extracting cholesterol from intralysosomal membranes that are rich in cholesterol and bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate
  • importance of the interaction between NPC1 and NPC2 proteins to accomplish cholesterol delivery from lysosomes into the cytoplasm
  • NPC2 delivers cholesterol to the perimeter membrane of late endosomes, where it becomes available for transport to mitochondria without requiring NPC1
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS cellular trafficking transport
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • specific interaction with DHDDS
  • is an NUS1-interacting protein
  • interacting with NPC1 (after lysosomal hydrolysis of LDL-cholesteryl esters, cholesterol binds NPC2, which transfers it to NPC1(NTD), reversing its orientation and allowing insertion of its isooctyl side chain into the outer lysosomal membranes)
  • bind C2 domain of NEDD4L
  • NPC2 is a positive regulator of biliary cholesterol secretion via stimulation of ABCG5/G8-mediated cholesterol transport
  • NPC2 binding is necessary for NPC1 function
  • binds cholesterol in an opposite orientation via cholesterol isooctyl side chain
  • interaction of NPC1 and NPC2 proteins appears to be central to the process by which NPC1 facilitates cholesterol egress from endolysosomal compartments
  • NEGR1 interacts with NPC2 and increases its protein stability
  • cell & other
  • cholesterol binding
  • REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) NPC2
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS