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FLASH GENE
Symbol IRF5 contributors: SGE/npt - updated : 13-07-2018
HGNC name interferon regulatory factor 5
HGNC id 6120
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a conserved N-terminal DNA-binding domain
  • a PESTv domain
  • a protein interaction/transactivation domain
  • tryptophan (W) repeats
    • mono polymer heteromer , dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to murine Irf5
    homolog to C.elegans Y87G2A.7
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family
    • CATEGORY regulatory , transcription factor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
    intracellular,nucleus
    text nuclear translocation resulting of TLR activation
    basic FUNCTION
  • stimulating transcription of numerous inflammatory proteins in a virus-specific manner
  • involved downstream of the TLR-MYD88 signaling pathway for gene induction of proinflammatory cytokines
  • having a role in the response to kinases involved in viral infections or in Toll-like-receptor (TLR) signaling
  • acting as repressor or activator of type I interferon genes, but also as inducer of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12 and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha
  • playing a general role in autoimmune diseases
  • involved in the innate immune response to pathogens (hu 2009)
  • critical regulator of DNA damage-induced apoptosis (Hu 2009)
  • promoting apoptosis upon signaling through TRAIL death receptors (Hu 2009)
  • required for B-cell maturation and expression of PRDM1 a hallmark of plasma cells (Lien 2010)
  • having a key role in the induction of the antiviral and inflammatory response (Lien 2010)
  • critical specificity-determining residue that inhibits IRF5 binding to the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE)-variants present in the IFN gene promoters
  • IRF5 is an important tumor suppressor that regulates multiple cellular processes involved in the conversion of normal mammary epithelial cells to tumor epithelial cells with metastatic potential
  • IRF5-IKZF1 axis is a critical modulator of IgG2a/c class switching
  • roles of IRF5 in autoimmune lupus
  • is a specific marker of inflammatory macrophages
  • likely a central role for IRF5 in the regulation of the immune response
  • is essential for the induction of inflammatory cytokines
  • new function for IRF5 in controlling the relative mass of different adipose tissue depots and thus insulin sensitivity in obesity
  • IRF5 and IRF8, two transcription factors with opposing functions, control TLR9 signaling in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs)
  • is a key transcription factor involved in the control of the expression of proinflammatory cytokine and responses to infection
  • IRF5-expressing macrophages are a key component of the immune defense of the airways
    • CELLULAR PROCESS cell life, proliferation/growth
    nucleotide, transcription, regulation
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • heterodimerizing with IRF3
    • INTERACTION
    DNA binding
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • MYD88
  • TRAF6
  • interacting with CHUK (CHUK and alkaline phosphatase are negative regulators of IRF5 activity in MYD88 pathway and have role in the control of the inflammatory response by attenuation of IRF5 activity)
  • is a transcription factor activated by toll like receptor TLR7 and TLR9 during innate immune responses
  • TRIM28 is a novel protein-protein interaction partner of IRF5, and is an inhibitor of IRF5 function in inflammatory macrophages
  • IRF5 is degraded following TLR7 activation and TRIM21 is involved in this process
  • IKBKB activates two "master" transcription factors of the innate immune system, IRF5 and NFKB1
  • IKBKB is an IRF5 kinase that instigates inflammation
  • IRF8 inhibits TLR9-dependent gene expression by directly blocking the activity of IRF5
  • interactions of IRF1, IFNB1 and IRF5 are involved in the M1 polarization of macrophages and have antitumor functions
  • SP1 transcription factor is the primary determinant for activating the basal transcription of the IRF5
  • IRF5 targeted the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) at the transcriptional level by binding to its promoter
  • IRAK4 kinase activity controls the activation of IRF5, a transcription factor implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases
  • IKBKB, an upstream IRF5 activator, is phosphorylated in response to the agonist-induced TLR signaling
  • IRAK4 activity regulates MAP3K7 and IKBKB activation, leading to the nuclear translocation of IRF5 and induction of inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    activated by the MyD88 signaling pathway (Lien 2010)
    TRAF6
    phosphorylation (due to a signaling cascade induced by TRAIL), resulting in transcativation of key death receptor signaling components (Hu 2009)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --over  
    in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE patients carrying the risk allele of the CGGGG indel
    Susceptibility
  • to lupus erythematosus
  • to inflammatory bowel diseases
  • to primary biliary cirrhosis
  • to Systemic sclerosis (SSc)
    • Variant & Polymorphism SNP , repeat , other
  • IRF5 exon 1B isoforms strongly linked to elevated expression of IRF5 and to risk of lupus erythematosus
  • exceptionally strong association signal for a 5 bp insertion
    • deletion polymorphism (CGGGG indel) in the promoter region in inflammatory bowel diseases patients
  • polymorphisms in the IRF5 gene are associated with a predisposition to autoimmune diseases (Lien 2010)
  • rs10488631 at the locus IRF5-TNPO3, strongly assocated to primary biliary cirrhosis
  • polymorphisms of IRF5 may play an important role in susceptibility to SSc
    • Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    immunologyinflammatory 
    IRF5 blockade would ameliorate more acute forms of inflammation, including lung injury
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • Irf5&
    • 8722;/&
    8722; mice show higher susceptibility to viral infection and decreased serum levels of type I IFN and the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha (Lien 2010)
  • mice lacking Irf5 accumulate far fewer neutrophils at the site of inflammation due to the reduced levels of chemokines important for neutrophil recruitment, such as the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1