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FLASH GENE

Symbol

ENO2

contributors: mct - updated : 11-03-2020

HGNC name	enolase 2, (gamma, neuronal)
HGNC id	3353

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	9.25 kb     12 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

status

confirmed

Map

see TPI1

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_001975 12 - 2423 NP_001966 - 434 - 1991 2045099

EXPRESSION

Type	ubiquitous

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Nervous brain       highly Visual eye anterior segment cornea   highly

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Nervous peripherous

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Nervous neuron

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains

HOMOLOGY

Homologene

FAMILY

enolase family

CATEGORY

enzyme

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	plasma membrane
	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
text	is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of neurons and neuroendocrine cells, especially in those of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) lineage such as pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, intestine and lung

basic FUNCTION	having neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties on a broad spectrum of central nervous system (cns) neurons
	ENO2 and arrestin are novel nonmyelin autoantigens in multiple sclerosis
	in the glycolysis-related energy pathway, might be involved in higher metabolic activity during the day than at night, at least in part
	is a biomarker for neuronal stress
	PPP1R1A, OTULINL, ENO2, and GNG5 are potential regulators of islet function
	is a form of glycolytic enolase isozyme and is considered a multifunctional protein

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule	cofactor,
	magnesium, required for catalysis and for stabilizing the dimer

protein

cell & other

REGULATION

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function constitutional     --over   dramatically in cardiovascular accidents, cerebral trauma, brain tumors and creutzfeldt-jacob disease constitutional     --over   early elevations (up to 3 days) of S100B and ENO2 secondary to severe traumatic brain injury, predict deterioration to brain death, but more prominently associated with ENO2 than S100B constitutional     --over   in patients with migraine-without aura, increased ictal serum S100B and ENO2 levels together with increased interictal levels of S100B suggested that migraine might be associated with glial and/or neuronal damage in the brain and a prolonged disruption of blood-brain barrier constitutional     --low   associated with better neurologic outcomes of head trauma in children ( constitutional     --over   in tic disorders (TD) constitutional     --over   in diabetic ketoacidosis and correlated with the severity of hyperglycemia, ketosis, and acidosis constitutional     --over   in asymptomatic carriers of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene
Marker	increased serum GFAP, S100B, ENO2 are associated with acute CO poisoning, and these biomarkers can be useful in assessing the clinical status of patients with CO poisoning
	ENO2 concentrations in older people may be a useful predictor of individuals at risk of more severe long-term cognitive decline
	serum ENO2 levels are closely associated with peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes
	may be likely a significant biomarker in Tics didorder
	AVP and ENO2 measured in the early postnatal period are potential prognostic biomarkers of long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in term neonates diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and treated with therapeutic hypothermia
Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS