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FLASH GENE
Symbol TXN contributors: mct/pgu - updated : 31-03-2016
HGNC name thioredoxin
HGNC id 12435
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a thioredoxin domain
  • mono polymer homomer , dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to C.elegans B0228.5
    homolog to rattus Txn1 (90.29 pc)
    homolog to murine Txn1 (89.32 pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • thioredoxin family
  • CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm
    basic FUNCTION
  • having a dithiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activity
  • participating in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide
  • catalyzing dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions
  • implicated in thioredoxin system may be an effective defense system protecting the lens against oxidative stress
  • having a little role in apoptosis of malignant mesothelioma cells
  • enhanced HIF-1alpha protein amount and facilitated synthesis of HIF-1alpha by activating Akt, p70S6K, and eIF-4E, known to control cap-dependent translation
  • affects CD30-dependent changes in lymphocyte effector function
  • IFN-gamma-induced factor that may play a role in developing Th1 immunity and in the maintenance of immune homeostasis upon infection, radiation, and oxidative stress
  • multifunctional thiol protein that is critically involved in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis
  • has a role in suppressing senescence in normal cells in addition to its function as a redox-protective protein
  • reduce disulfide bonds and other thiol modifications in all cells using a CXXC motif
  • antiapoptotic and oncogenic potential of (secreted) TXN suggesting that it may exert effects in Tregs beyond redox regulation
  • TXN and TXN2 regulate the proliferation and survival of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and these processes are mediated by the activation of ERK1/2
  • important antioxidative enzyme in endothelial cells, required for apoptosis inhibition
  • denitrosylase that reverses NO inhibition of exocytosis
  • might regulate exocytosis in a variety of physiological settings, such as vascular inflammation, thrombosis, and insulin release
  • highly specific activator of oxidized human TGM2
  • cellular redox protein that plays a central role in maintaining the redox state and modulates redox-regulated gene expression, consequently protecting cells from oxidative stress
  • is a potential candidate that could be involved in ADAM17 activity regulation
  • oxidoreductase activities of TXNDC17 complement those of TXN and must therefore be considered for the full understanding of enzymatic control of cellular thiols and nitrosothiols
  • the catalytic site of TXN interacts with MAP3K5-TXN-binding domain(TBD) region containing cysteine C200 and the oxidative stress induces intramolecular disulfide bond formation within MAP3K5-TBD
  • CELLULAR PROCESS cell life, proliferation/growth
    cell life, cell death/apoptosis
    cell communication
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS immunity/defense , electron transport
    text
  • antimicrobial humoral response (sensu Invertebrata)
  • control of cell proliferation
  • PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
    cell-cell signaling
    a component part of actin-TXN complex that protects TXN from degradation and, thus, endothelial cells from apoptosis
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • TXNIP
  • cell surface TXN serves as one of the MIF binding molecules or MIF receptor component and inhibits MIF-mediated inflammatory signals
  • TXNDC17 inhibits the TNF-induced NFKB1 activation to a greater extent than TXN
  • antioxidant function of PARK7 by increasing TXN expression via NFE2L2-mediated transcriptional induction
  • TXN is a partner of the ADAM17 cytoplasmic domain that could be involved in the regulation of ADAM17 activity
  • may play a broader role than previously believed that might include regulating transcription, RNA processing, and nuclear pore function in human cells
  • TXN dissociates in response to oxidative stress allowing the MAP3K5 activation
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    induced by PARK7, that induces the expression of thioredoxin (TXN)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • may serve as a biomarker of subcellular redox imbalance in prostate cancer
  • Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS