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FLASH GENE

Symbol

TXN

contributors: mct/pgu - updated : 31-03-2016

HGNC name	thioredoxin
HGNC id	12435

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

EXPRESSION

Type	ubiquitous

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Cardiovascular heart       highly Digestive liver       highly Endocrine pancreas       lowly Nervous brain       highly Reproductive male system prostate     highly Respiratory lung       lowly Urinary kidney       highly Visual eye lens     lowly   eye anterior segment cornea   lowly

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Blood / Hematopoietic bone marrow       Epithelial secretory glandular endocrine   Epithelial secretory glandular exocrine   Muscular striatum skeletal

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains

a thioredoxin domain

mono polymer

homomer , dimer

HOMOLOGY

interspecies	homolog to C.elegans B0228.5
	homolog to rattus Txn1 (90.29 pc)
	homolog to murine Txn1 (89.32 pc)

Homologene

FAMILY

thioredoxin family

CATEGORY

enzyme

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
	intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
	intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm

basic FUNCTION	having a dithiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activity
	participating in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide
	catalyzing dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions
	implicated in thioredoxin system may be an effective defense system protecting the lens against oxidative stress
	having a little role in apoptosis of malignant mesothelioma cells
	enhanced HIF-1alpha protein amount and facilitated synthesis of HIF-1alpha by activating Akt, p70S6K, and eIF-4E, known to control cap-dependent translation
	affects CD30-dependent changes in lymphocyte effector function
	IFN-gamma-induced factor that may play a role in developing Th1 immunity and in the maintenance of immune homeostasis upon infection, radiation, and oxidative stress
	multifunctional thiol protein that is critically involved in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis
	has a role in suppressing senescence in normal cells in addition to its function as a redox-protective protein
	reduce disulfide bonds and other thiol modifications in all cells using a CXXC motif
	antiapoptotic and oncogenic potential of (secreted) TXN suggesting that it may exert effects in Tregs beyond redox regulation
	TXN and TXN2 regulate the proliferation and survival of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and these processes are mediated by the activation of ERK1/2
	important antioxidative enzyme in endothelial cells, required for apoptosis inhibition
	denitrosylase that reverses NO inhibition of exocytosis
	might regulate exocytosis in a variety of physiological settings, such as vascular inflammation, thrombosis, and insulin release
	highly specific activator of oxidized human TGM2
	cellular redox protein that plays a central role in maintaining the redox state and modulates redox-regulated gene expression, consequently protecting cells from oxidative stress
	is a potential candidate that could be involved in ADAM17 activity regulation
	oxidoreductase activities of TXNDC17 complement those of TXN and must therefore be considered for the full understanding of enzymatic control of cellular thiols and nitrosothiols
	the catalytic site of TXN interacts with MAP3K5-TXN-binding domain(TBD) region containing cysteine C200 and the oxidative stress induces intramolecular disulfide bond formation within MAP3K5-TBD

CELLULAR PROCESS	cell life, proliferation/growth
	cell life, cell death/apoptosis
	cell communication

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

immunity/defense , electron transport

text	antimicrobial humoral response (sensu Invertebrata)
	control of cell proliferation

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

signal transduction

cell-cell signaling

a component

part of actin-TXN complex that protects TXN from degradation and, thus, endothelial cells from apoptosis

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	TXNIP
	cell surface TXN serves as one of the MIF binding molecules or MIF receptor component and inhibits MIF-mediated inflammatory signals
	TXNDC17 inhibits the TNF-induced NFKB1 activation to a greater extent than TXN
	antioxidant function of PARK7 by increasing TXN expression via NFE2L2-mediated transcriptional induction
	TXN is a partner of the ADAM17 cytoplasmic domain that could be involved in the regulation of ADAM17 activity
	may play a broader role than previously believed that might include regulating transcription, RNA processing, and nuclear pore function in human cells
	TXN dissociates in response to oxidative stress allowing the MAP3K5 activation

cell & other

REGULATION

induced by

PARK7, that induces the expression of thioredoxin (TXN)

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene
Marker	may serve as a biomarker of subcellular redox imbalance in prostate cancer
Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS