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FLASH GENE
Symbol CD36 contributors: mct/pgu - updated : 02-04-2016
HGNC name CD36 molecule (thrombospondin receptor)
HGNC id 1663
Corresponding disease
CD36D CD36 deficiency
Location 7q21.11      Physical location : 80.231.503 - 80.308.592
Synonym name
  • thrombospondin receptor, platelet glycoprotein 4
  • macrophage scavenger receptor
  • PAS-4 protein
  • CD36 antigen (collagen type I receptor, thrombospondin receptor)
  • cell differentiation antigen CD36 (platelet GPIV), 85kDa, adhesive cell surface, single glycoprotein, identified by monoclonal antibodies
  • leukocyte differentiation antigen CD36
  • glycoprotein III b
  • cluster determinant 36
  • fatty acid translocase
  • scavenger receptor class B, member 3
  • Synonym symbol(s) GP3B, GP4, FAT, SCARB3, PASIV, GPIV, GPIIIB, PAS-4, CHDS7
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 77.09 kb     14 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    regulatory sequence Promoter (TATA box)
    Binding site
    text structure
  • Cis-regulatory elements
  • KLF2 upregulated CD36 expression through a consensus binding site on its proximal promoter region
  • MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    text
  • two alternative exons 2a, 2b in the 5'utr
  • the same isoform encoded by variants 1-3
  • identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    15 splicing 4727 52 472 - 2008 18245080
    14 splicing 2069 52 472 - 2008 18245080
    having alternate 5' and 3' sequences compared to variant 1
    14 splicing 2108 52 472 - 2008 18245080
    having an alternate 3' sequence compared to variant 1
    13 - 1814 - 472 - 2008 18245080
    12 - 1989 - 472 - 2008 18245080
  • differs in the 5' and 3'UTRs
  • EXPRESSION
    Type widely
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Cardiovascularvesselcapillary    Homo sapiens
    Digestiveintestine   highly
    Nervousbrain     Homo sapiens
    Reproductivefemale systemplacenta   
    Respiratoryrespiratory tractlarynx   
    Urinarykidneyrenal medulla  highly
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Connectiveadipose   
    Muscularstriatumskeletal   Homo sapiens
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood/Hematopoieticmonocyte Homo sapiens
    Blood/Hematopoieticplatelet Homo sapiens
    Cardiovascularendothelial cell Homo sapiens
    Digestiveenterocyte
    Lymphoid/Immunemacrophage
    not specificadipocyte
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • cytoplasmic and transmembrane regions at both terminal ends
  • cytoplasmic C terminus playing a role in localization of the molecule to the plasma membrane, and required for localization of the receptor to the cell surface and its ability to enhance cellular oleate uptake
  • conjugated GlycoP , LipoP
    isoforms Precursor
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Cd36 (84.1pc)
    homolog to rattus Cd36 (86.4pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • CD36 family
  • CATEGORY adhesion , receptor membrane
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria,outer
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,membrane
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,Golgi
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,lysosome
    text
  • localized to both lipid raft and nonraft domains of the plasma membrane
  • found on mitochondrial membranes (in skeletal muscle, resides on the outer mitochondrial membrane)
  • basic FUNCTION
  • major receptor that internalizes oxidized LDL
  • playing a role in platelet-collagen adhesion and in the transport and/or the regulation of fatty acid transport
  • acting as a facilitator or co-receptor for di-acylglyceride recognition through the TLR2/6 complex
  • playing an important role in proximal absorption of dietary fatty acid and cholesterol for optimal chylomicron formation, whereas CD36-independent mechanisms predominate in distal segments
  • CD36-mediated fatty acid oxidation is an important determinant for aerobic exercise capacity
  • major contributor to the macrophage uptake of lipoproteins modified by various oxidative pathways and subsequently to foam cell formation
  • may mediate albumin-induced cellular fibrosis since CD36 siRNA appeared to have anti-fibrosis effects
  • may have important functions as a cell adhesion molecule
  • directly mediates cyto-adherence of plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes
  • may function in the transport and/or as a regulator of fatty acids transport
  • selective and non redundant sensor of microbial diacylglycerides that signal through the TLR2/6 heterodimer
  • may be responsible for the internalization of FSTL1
  • novel serum amyloid A (SAA) receptor mediating SAA proinflammatory activity
  • involved in the vascular oxidative stress and neurovascular dysfunction induced by APP
  • participation of CD36 in membrane calcium influx in response to ER stress or purinergic receptor stimulation resulting in arachidonic acid liberation for PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) formation
  • participates in the phosphorylation and translocation of PLA2G4A to membranes to release arachidonic acid from phospholipids
  • located on the outer mitochondrial membrane, upstream of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, and regulates palmitate oxidation
  • diffusion of CD36 in the membrane of macrophages is regulated by interactions between CD36 and the cytoskeleton
  • CD36 and MSR1 involved in the development and/or progression of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)
  • involved in the cytokine-induced fusion of macrophage
  • plays an important role in cell fusion during myogenic differentiation
  • promotes potentially vascular amyloid deposition and the resulting cerebrovascular damage, leading to neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive deficits
  • implicated in the mechanisms of vascular amyloid deposition
  • is involved in key upstream events leading to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and to the associated vascular damage and neurovascular dysfunction
  • involvement of CD36 in monocyte activation by antiphospholipid antibodies
  • is likely central to fatty acid (FA) uptake via its effects on intracellular metabolism
  • plays a central role in lipid metabolism by promoting macrophage cholesterol efflux with the potential to reduce atherosclerotic lesions
  • is a novel regulator of HMG-CoA reductase function and INSIG-1/2 expression, 2 critical steps regulating cholesterol synthesis in hepatocytes
  • essential cell surface and skeletal muscle outer mitochondrial membrane glycoprotein involved in multiple functions in the body
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism lipid/lipoprotein
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • surface receptor for thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), that has been reported to interact with latent transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and activate its fibrogenic bioactivity
  • interacting with fibrillary forms of APP and triggering NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production in monocytic cells
  • binding collagen
  • new role for THBS1 and CD36 in the activation of the KDR signaling pathway that requires SYK
  • OLR1 stimulates PPARG and subsequently enhances CD36 and inhibits MSR1 in macrophages
  • VAMP3, is able to protect insulin-stimulated SLC2A4 translocation during early stages of diet-induced insulin resistance and preserves normal CD36 distribution
  • CD36 is a novel transcriptional target of KLF2
  • phagocytosis of apoptotic cells engages CD36 and PTAFR, possibly in lipid rafts, and this is required for optimal efferocytosis and the establishment of the macrophage regulatory phenotype
  • THBS1-CD36 tandem is another platelet ligand-receptor axis contributing to the maintenance of a stable thrombus
  • WNT1 regulates the expression of CD36 through TCF4 and PPARG
  • CD36 is involved in autophagy and there is a significant contribution of the CD5L-CD36 axis to the induction of macrophage autophagy
  • CD36 functioned through ubiquitination-dependent binding to IRS1 and inhibiting its interaction with CUL7, a key component of the multisubunit cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
  • RRAS2 is essential for CD36-FCER1G-mediated platelet activation and for thrombus stability via control of RAP1B and integrins
  • cell & other
  • CEOOH (cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides) present in oxidized LDL increase CD36 gene expression in a pathway involving PPARalpha
  • binding anionic phospholipids and oxidized LDL
  • REGULATION
    Other enhanced by AGER in monocytes in diabete
    regulated by NFE2L2 (regulates oxidized LDL-mediated CD36 expression in macrophages)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) CD36D
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional       loss of function
    in insulin resistance
    constitutional     --low  
    in PWS point to an abnormal control of lipid and glucose homeostasis which may explain the insatiable hunger in these patients
    constitutional     --low  
    reduced the capability of monocytes to phagocyte apoptotic neutrophils
    Susceptibility
  • to severe malaria, cerebral form
  • to atherosclerosis
  • to insulin resistance
  • to hypertension
  • Variant & Polymorphism SNP
  • 14T/C and 53G/T increase the risk of cerebral malaria
  • AGGIG haplotype modulating lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk
  • mutations within the kidney can increase blood pressure
  • SNPs of CD36 are associated with metabolic syndrome in Puerto Ricans
  • Candidate gene
  • high soluble CD36 is associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk
  • involved in sterile inflammation through assembly of TLR4/TLR6 heterodimer in atherosclerosis and Alzeihmer's disease
  • Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cardiovascularaquired 
    target for treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular disease
    diabetetype 2 
    novel therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing CD36-mediated fatty acids uptake show promise for the prevention or treatment of cardiac dysfunction related to obesity and diabetes
    diabetetype 2 
    novel and potential therapeutic target for diabetic renal tubule fibrosis
    neurologyneurodegenerativealzheimer
    potential therapeutical target to counteract the cerebrovascular dysfunction associated with APP.
    neurologyneurodegenerative 
    is a putative therapeutic target for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • CD36 is necessary for the development of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy in MHC-PPARalpha mice
  • Cd36 deletion ameliorates cerebrovascular function in Tg2576 mice at an age marked by extensive amyloid deposition in brain and cerebral blood vessels