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FLASH GENE

Symbol

IL11

contributors: mct/pgu - updated : 03-01-2012

HGNC name	interleukin 11
HGNC id	5966

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	an extracellular region with a 2-domain structure
	an immunoglobulin-like domain
	a cytokine receptor-like domain

secondary structure

a conserved core motif consisting of four alpha-helices

HOMOLOGY

interspecies

ortholog to murine Il11

intraspecies

homolog to ciliary neurotrophic factor

Homologene

FAMILY	interleukin-6 cytokine family
	gp130 family of cytokines
	long-helix cytokine superfamily

CATEGORY

signaling cytokine growth factor

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm

basic FUNCTION	stimulating the proliferation of B cells, T cell dependent
	directly stimulating the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells
	inducing megakaryocyte maturation resulting in increased platelet production
	might be important as an anti-inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation
	IL11/IL11RA pathway plays an important role in the progression and the differentiation of human gastric carcinomas
	IL11 signaling is clearly required for normal bone turnover and normal trabecular bone mass, yet not for the effects of estradiol or estrogen deficiency on the skeleton
	inhibits EVT (extravillous trophoblast) invasion via STAT3, indicating a likely role for IL11 in the decidual restraint of EVT invasion during normal pregnancy
	playing a role via STAT3 and SOCS3 in initiating and progressing decidualization, and regulating human endometrial stromal cell differentiation
	regulates inflammatory demyelination via a unique combination of immunoregulation and neuroprotection
	with LIF regulated endometrial epithelial cell adhesion
	cytokine with pleiotropic activities, including gestational effects
	has roles in hematopoiesis, immune responses, the nervous system and bone metabolism
	IL11 signaling is essential for the normal development of craniofacial bones and teeth and that its function is to restrict suture fusion and tooth number

CELLULAR PROCESS	cell life, differentiation
	cell life, proliferation/growth

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein

MSX2, RUNX2 and SMADl transcription factors appear to be key regulators of IL11 effects on IBSP transcription

cell & other

REGULATION

activated by

IL13 (is a potent stimulator of IL11 and IL1RA)

repressed by

IFNG (IFN-gamma is a physiological inhibitor of IL11 expression)

Other

PROK1-PROKR1 signalling pathway regulating IL11

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function tumoral     --over   with HGF, in polycythemia vera (PV) constitutional     --over   in retina and cornea cells constitutional     --over   enhances canonical Wnt signal at least in part via a reduction in DKK2 expression to stimulate osteoblast differentiation tumoral     --over   in the endometrial tumour epithelial cells from Grade 1 and 3

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene
Marker	IL11 in uterine washings may be useful as a diagnostic marker for early stage endometrial cancer
Therapy target
	System Type Disorder Pubmed osteoarticular bone   possibility of modulation of IL11 signaling for the treatment of craniosynostosis cancer hemopathy   blocking the MET/HGF/IL11 pathways could be of interest as an additional therapeutic option in polycythemia vera immunology autoimmune multiple sclerosis IL-11 signaling may represent a therapeutic avenue to restrict CNS inflammation and potentiate oligodendrocyte survival in autoimmune demyelinating disease

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS