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FLASH GENE
Symbol COMT contributors: mct/npt/pgu - updated : 05-04-2013
HGNC name catechol-O-methyltransferase
HGNC id 2228
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
HOMOLOGY
Homologene
FAMILY
  • mammalian catechol-O-methyltransferase family
  • CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,membrane
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
    basic FUNCTION
  • degrading the catecholamine and inactivating catechol drugs in the central nervous system
  • important modulator in the catabolism of extraneural dopamine, which plays an important role in drug reward mechanisms
  • having a major function in regulating epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels in the brain, particularly in the prefrontal cortex
  • regulating dopamine levels in the brain
  • plays a particular role in modulating dopamine in prefrontal cortex
  • may have a general homeostatic role in regulating several genes, such as SLC6A3, to enhance dopaminergic signaling
  • key enzyme for inactivation and metabolism of catechols, including dopamine, norepinephrine, caffeine, and estrogens
  • dominates the regulation of dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex
  • COMT effects are particularly evident in prefrontal cortex-dependent cognitive functions including executive control, working memory, attentional control and long-term memory
  • contributes to modultion the perception of pain, via non-competitive binding to the site bound by catechol substrates with a binding affinity comparable to the binding affinity of catechol itself
  • role of APOE and COMT genes in prospective and retrospective memory traits
  • one of the most important enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism aminoacid , drug
    signaling neurotransmission
    tyrosine, catechol drugs
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • regulating SLC6A3
  • interaction of BDNF by COMT on human cortical plasticity
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    inhibited by serotonin
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) SCZD4
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional   deletion    
    hemizygous deletion in 22q11 microdeletion syndromes (velocardiofacial syndrome [VCFS] or DiGeorge syndrome [DGS])
    Susceptibility
  • potential risk factor for homicidal behavior in schizophrenia
  • to schizophrenia in a French series and bipolar disorders
  • to obesity
  • to cisplatin-induced hearing loss in children
  • Variant & Polymorphism SNP , other
  • Val158Met involved in risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorders
  • The COMT Ex4-76C > G (L136L) polymorphism appears to play a role in large increases in BMI
  • variant rs9332377, associated to cisplatin-induced hearing loss in children
  • val158met polymorphism in the COMT gene contributes significantly to inter-individual differences in neural pain processing: in healthy people
  • Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    miscelleaneouspain 
    inhibition of COMT via serotonin binding contributes to pain hypersensitivity, providing additional strategies for the treatment of clinical pain conditions
    neurology  
    promising target for modulation of cognitive functions and dysfunctions
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • pregnant mice deficient in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) show a pre-eclampsia-like phenotype resulting from an absence of 2-methoxyoestradiol (2-ME), a natural metabolite of oestradiol that is elevated during the third trimester of normal human pregnancy