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FLASH GENE
Symbol CD86 contributors: mct - updated : 24-10-2017
HGNC name CD86 antigen (CD28 antigen ligand 2, B7-2 antigen)
HGNC id 1705
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a signal peptide
  • Ig variable-like (IgV) domains, Ig constant-like (IgC) domains and intracellular domains
  • a transmembrane domain (1TM) and a cytoplasmic domain
  • highly conserved polylysine motif in CD86 cytoplasmic tail, referred to as the K4 motif, is responsible for the constitutive association of CD86 to the cytoskeleton in primary antigen presenting cells (APC)
    • conjugated GlycoP
    HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY immunoglobulin superfamily, B7 family
    CATEGORY immunity/defense , antigen , receptor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
    text type I membrane protein
    basic FUNCTION
  • costimulatory molecule for the priming and activation of na
    • ve and memory T cells, respectively
  • expression of CD86 on islet endothelial cells facilitates T cell adhesion and migration
  • direct signaling through CD86/CD80 is a potent regulator of IgG secretion by previously activated B cells
  • rapidly internalized in cells expressing MARCH1, leading to lysosome-dependent degradation
  • its ubiquitination appears to promote endocytosis and direct CD86 to lysosomes where it cannot be efficiently retrieved to the cell surface even when lysosomal degradation is inhibited
  • critical importance of the cytoskeleton-dependent CD86 polarization to the immunological synapse (IS) and more specifically the K4 motif for effective co-signaling
  • CD80/CD86 engagement results in DC production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6, which is necessary for full T cell activation
  • expression levels of CD86 are tightly regulated, being actively decreased by regulatory T cells and increased in response to pathogen-derived signals
  • distinct but complementary roles of CD80 and CD86 IgV and IgC domains in T cell activation
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • IFNG
  • ligand of TCR antigen CD28
  • SPI1 is a critical factor for the expression of CD80 and CD86
  • ubiquitinated in dendritic cells via MARCH1 E3 ubiquitin ligase and that this ubiquitination plays a key role in CD86 regulation
  • CD86 is rapidly endocytosed in the presence of MARCH1 followed by lysosome-dependent degradation
  • CD86 ubiquitination by MARCH1 occurs post-endoplasmic reticulum
  • IL2 upregulates CD86 expression on human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells via a receptor-dependent mechanism that involves the NFATC1 and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways
  • PHB/PHB2 and the CD86 cytoplasmic domain cooperate to mediate CD86 signaling in a B cell through differential phosphorylation of distal signaling intermediates required to increase IGHG1
  • interaction of CD86, CD80 with appropriate receptors is essential for an effective T cell response
  • role for IL21 as an inducer of the costimulatory ligand CD86 on B lymphocytes
  • DEF103B induces the costimulatory molecule CD86 on primary monocytes by a mechanism involving autocrine activation of ionotropic P2RX7 by ATP
  • decreased CD1D is associated with CD86 over-expression in B cells from systemic lupus erythematosus
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    induced by interferon gamma
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional       gain of function
    or expressed aberrantly on immune cells in a wide array of autoimmune and infectious diseases
    constitutional     --low  
    of CD86 expression by transitional B-cells due to the autocrine effect of IL10, which in turn leads to decreased T-cell proliferation and TNF production
    Susceptibility to asthma
    Variant & Polymorphism other I179V polymorphism, may be a novel aetiological factor in the development of asthma and related allergic disorders
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS