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FLASH GENE

Symbol

CD86

contributors: mct - updated : 24-10-2017

HGNC name	CD86 antigen (CD28 antigen ligand 2, B7-2 antigen)
HGNC id	1705

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_006889 7 splicing initiation site 2790 NP_008820 - 323 - 2000 1102152 alternate 5' utr exon 1 NM_175862 7 splicing initiation site 2735 NP_787058 - 329 - 2000 1102152 alternate 5' utr exon 2 NM_176892 - - 2646 NP_795711 - 275 serum soluble 2000 1102152 CD86 delta TM biologically active NM_001206924 6 - 2399 NP_001193853 - 217 - 2000 1102152 NM_001206925 6 - 2685 NP_001193854 - 247 - 2000 1102152

EXPRESSION

Type

widely

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Digestive pharynx       highly Lymphoid/Immune spleen       highly

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Blood / Hematopoietic bone marrow

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Blood/Hematopoietic monocyte Skin/Tegument keratinocyte Homo sapiens

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	a signal peptide
	Ig variable-like (IgV) domains, Ig constant-like (IgC) domains and intracellular domains
	a transmembrane domain (1TM) and a cytoplasmic domain
	highly conserved polylysine motif in CD86 cytoplasmic tail, referred to as the K4 motif, is responsible for the constitutive association of CD86 to the cytoskeleton in primary antigen presenting cells (APC)

conjugated

GlycoP

HOMOLOGY

Homologene

FAMILY

immunoglobulin superfamily, B7 family

CATEGORY

immunity/defense , antigen , receptor

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	plasma membrane
text	type I membrane protein

basic FUNCTION	costimulatory molecule for the priming and activation of na
	ve and memory T cells, respectively
	expression of CD86 on islet endothelial cells facilitates T cell adhesion and migration
	direct signaling through CD86/CD80 is a potent regulator of IgG secretion by previously activated B cells
	rapidly internalized in cells expressing MARCH1, leading to lysosome-dependent degradation
	its ubiquitination appears to promote endocytosis and direct CD86 to lysosomes where it cannot be efficiently retrieved to the cell surface even when lysosomal degradation is inhibited
	critical importance of the cytoskeleton-dependent CD86 polarization to the immunological synapse (IS) and more specifically the K4 motif for effective co-signaling
	CD80/CD86 engagement results in DC production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6, which is necessary for full T cell activation
	expression levels of CD86 are tightly regulated, being actively decreased by regulatory T cells and increased in response to pathogen-derived signals
	distinct but complementary roles of CD80 and CD86 IgV and IgC domains in T cell activation

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	IFNG
	ligand of TCR antigen CD28
	SPI1 is a critical factor for the expression of CD80 and CD86
	ubiquitinated in dendritic cells via MARCH1 E3 ubiquitin ligase and that this ubiquitination plays a key role in CD86 regulation
	CD86 is rapidly endocytosed in the presence of MARCH1 followed by lysosome-dependent degradation
	CD86 ubiquitination by MARCH1 occurs post-endoplasmic reticulum
	IL2 upregulates CD86 expression on human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells via a receptor-dependent mechanism that involves the NFATC1 and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways
	PHB/PHB2 and the CD86 cytoplasmic domain cooperate to mediate CD86 signaling in a B cell through differential phosphorylation of distal signaling intermediates required to increase IGHG1
	interaction of CD86, CD80 with appropriate receptors is essential for an effective T cell response
	role for IL21 as an inducer of the costimulatory ligand CD86 on B lymphocytes
	DEF103B induces the costimulatory molecule CD86 on primary monocytes by a mechanism involving autocrine activation of ionotropic P2RX7 by ATP
	decreased CD1D is associated with CD86 over-expression in B cells from systemic lupus erythematosus

cell & other

REGULATION

induced by

interferon gamma

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function constitutional       gain of function or expressed aberrantly on immune cells in a wide array of autoimmune and infectious diseases constitutional     --low   of CD86 expression by transitional B-cells due to the autocrine effect of IL10, which in turn leads to decreased T-cell proliferation and TNF production

Susceptibility

to asthma

Variant & Polymorphism other	I179V polymorphism, may be a novel aetiological factor in the development of asthma and related allergic disorders

Candidate gene

Marker

Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS