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FLASH GENE
Symbol CHFR contributors: mct - updated : 25-01-2015
HGNC name checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains
HGNC id 20455
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • N-terminal FHA domain (forkhead associated domain)
  • a C3HC4 type (RING) zinc finger in the N terminus
  • a central RING finger domain
  • a cysteine-rich domain that is the essential domain for the CHFR/MAD2L1 interaction and for promoting interaction between MAD2L1 and CDC20 to inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex
  • a PBZ motif, needed for the interaction with polyADP-ribose
  • C-terminal cysteine-rich (CR) regio
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Chfr (80.7pc)
    homolog to rattus Chfr (81.3pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • CHFR family
  • CATEGORY tumor suppressor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton,microtubule,mitotic spindle
    intracellular,nucleus
    text colocalizes with TPT1 to the mitotic spindle
    basic FUNCTION
  • mediating protein-protein interactions
  • defining a checkpoint that delays entry into metaphase in response to mitotic stress
  • acting as an ubiquitin ligase (ubiquitinating Plk1)
  • inhibiting Cdc2 at the G2 to M transition
  • tumor suppressor controlling the expression of key mitotic proteins such STK6
  • E3 ubiquitin ligase and early mitotic checkpoint protein implicated in many cancers and in the maintenance of genomic stability
  • role for CHFR regulating chromosome segregation where decreased expression, as seen in cancer cells, contributes to genomic instability by impairing the spindle assembly checkpoint
  • checkpoint protein that plays an important function in cell cycle progression and tumor suppression
  • plays a role in the maintenance of genome integrity
  • promotes the ubiquitination of AURKA and PLK1
  • may also promote the formation of 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitins chains and functions with the specific ubiquitin conjugating UBEN2-UBE2V2 heterodimer
  • negative regulator of the NF-KappaB pathway, downregulating IL8 production
  • binding and downregulating HDAC1 by inducing its polyubiquitination
  • functions as a mitotic checkpoint by delaying entry into metaphase in response to mitotic stress
  • plays an important role in regulation of HLTF stability and protects cells against HLTF-mediated cell migration
  • critical role for CHFR in the MAD2L1 spindle checkpoint
  • is one of the E3 ligases, which is known to be a tumor suppressor and play an essential role in cell cycle control and tumorigenesis
  • CHFR and RNF8 may have overlapping targets and/or functions in mitosis
  • RNF8 and CHFR affect chromatin relaxation and modulate ATM activation and DNA damage response pathways
  • RNF8 and CHFR, function together to activate ATM and maintain genomic stability
  • mediates the ubiquitination of the major components of the SWI/SNF complex (PMID;
  • PARP1 is a novel CHFR binding protein and found a functional interaction that regulates the early mitotic checkpoint and tumorigenesis
  • is an important E3 ligase in the early stage of the DNA damage response, which mediates the crosstalk between
  • important role in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis
  • new regulatory mechanism for CHFR that sequential post-translational modifications of CHFR by SUMO and ubiquitin coordinately regulates its stability
  • ubiquitin ligase CHFR, that is a checkpoint protein involved in G2/M transition, and a new effector involved in the control of insulin-induced cell proliferation
  • CELLULAR PROCESS cell cycle, division, mitosis
    cell cycle, checkpoint
    protein, degradation
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule metal binding, other,
  • phosphotyrosine
  • ion zinc Zn2+
  • protein
  • interacting with STK6
  • interacting with KIF22 and controling genomic stability
  • interacting with TPT1 (CHFR-TPT1 interaction is stable throughout the cell cycle, but it could be diminished by the complete depolymerization of the microtubules, providing a possible mechanism where CHFR could be the sensor that detects microtubule disruption and then activates the prophase checkpoint)
  • interacts with the mitotic kinase Aurora A to regulate its expression
  • MAD2L1 is a novel CHFR interacting protein
  • interacting with HDAC1
  • interacting with HDAC2, PML
  • HLTF is a CHFR-interacting protein (CHFR binds to and ubiquitinates HLTF, leading to its degradation)
  • interact with MAD2L1, an important component of the spindle assembly checkpoint, where CHFR knockdown resulted in mislocalization of MAD2L1 and disruption of the MAD2L1/CDC20 interaction
  • CHFR interacts with SMARCA4, SMARCB1, and SMARCD1 of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex and ubiquitinates them to target for degradation through a proteasome-mediated pathway, and SMARCC1 stabilizes these components by blocking their interaction with CHFR
  • SMARCA4, SMARCB1, and SMARCD1, but not SMARCC1, are the substrates of CHFR for ubiquitination
  • tumor suppressor, regulating the ubiquitination and degradation of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling proteins
  • PARP1 is a novel CHFR binding protein suggesting a functional interaction that regulates the early mitotic checkpoint and tumorigenesis (CHFR polyubiquitinates PARP1 and caused cell cycle arrest via PARP1 degradation)
  • aggregated LDL (agLDL) prolongs the half life of LRP1 by preventing the receptor ubiquitinylation, at least in part, through CHFR targeting
  • ubiquitinates and regulates PBK levels, which is essential for its checkpoint function
  • PBK and PTEN are new players in CHFR mediated mitotic checkpoint
  • CHFR is a partner of the molecular adapter GRB14, an inhibitor of insulin signalling
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    inhibited by phosphorylation
    Other CpG methylation-dependent silencing of CHFR expression in cancers
    polyADPribosylated
    autoubiquitinated
    is covalently modified by SUMO-1 at lysine 663 and subsequently destabilized by ubiquitin-proteasome system (emerging role of SUMOylation in modulating protein stability)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral        
    3 of 8 human cancer cell lines examined did not contain CHFR mRNA
    tumoral     --low  
    by aberrant methylation associated with gene silencing in primary hepatocellular carcinomas, oral squamous cell carcinomas , gastric cancer , and ovarian cancer
    constitutional     --low  
    led to disorganized multipolar mitotic spindles
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene molecular marker to estimate the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cancer  
    CHFR-mediated downregulation of HLTF may help protect against cancer
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS