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FLASH GENE
Symbol PTGES contributors: mct - updated : 08-10-2012
HGNC name prostaglandin E synthase
HGNC id 9599
Location 9q34.3      Physical location : 132.500.615 - 132.515.344
Synonym name
  • glutathione S-transferase 1-like 1
  • microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1-like 1
  • microsomal prostaglandin E synthase
  • tumor protein p53 inducible protein 12
    • Synonym symbol(s) PGES, PIG12, MGST-IV, MGST1L1, MGST1-L1, PGES-1, MPGES, PP102, TP53I12, mPGES-1
    EC.number 5.3.99.3
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 14.73 kb     3 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned   linked   status
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    3 - 1787 - 152 - -
    EXPRESSION
    Type
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Nervousbrain     Homo sapiens
    Reproductivefemale systemuteruscervix  
     male systemprostate   
    Respiratoryrespiratory tractlarynx   
    Urinarykidneytubulecollecting duct   Homo sapiens
    Visualeye    
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Epithelialabsorptive excretoryrenal tubular epithelium  
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Cardiovascularendothelial cell Homo sapiens
    Nervousastrocyte Homo sapiens
    Nervousglia Homo sapiens
    Nervousneuron Homo sapiens
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • GSH binding sites in different locations
  • an insert between TMI and TMII that folds into a small well-structured domain (the C-domain) that forms part of the active site cavity
    • mono polymer homomer , trimer
    HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY superfamily of Membrane-Associated Proteins involved in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism, the MAPEG family
    CATEGORY regulatory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic,microsome
    intracellular,nuclear envelope
    basic FUNCTION
  • may contribute to the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis and mediate acute pain during inflammatory responses
  • PTGES -derived PGE(2) buffers ANGPT2-induced vasoconstriction via inhibition of NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species production
  • stimulus-inducible enzyme that functions downstream of PTGS2 in the PGE2 (prostaglandin E2)-biosynthesis pathway
  • critical roles of the PTGES-dependent PGE2 biosynthetic pathway in both cancer cells and host microenvironments in tumour growth and metastasis
  • induced during an inflammatory reaction from low basal levels by pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequently involved in the production of the important mediator of inflammation, prostaglandin E(2)
  • promotes experimental cholangiocarcinogenesis and tumor progression by inhibiting PTEN
  • key role in hepatocellular carcinoma growth and progression
  • integral membrane protein coexpressed with and functionally coupled to PTGS2, generating the pro-inflammatory molecule PGE(2)
  • crucial inducible synthase with roles in pain, cancer and inflammation
  • is necessary for pre-adipocyte differentiation into beige/brite adipocytes through functional interaction with PPARG
  • functional interaction between PPARG and PTGES in the process of adipogenesis, especially in the formation of beige/brite adipocytes from WAT pre-adipocytes
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • colocalizing with both PTGS1 and PTGS2 to mediate the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 in the kidney
  • HIF1A target gene, involved in prostaglandin E biosynthesis in the esophageal tumor hypoxic microenvironment
  • coexpressed with and functionally coupled to PTGS2 generating the pro-inflammatory molecule PGE(2)
  • cooperation between the EGF/EGFR and PTGES leads to a significant tumorigenic gain in epithelial cells
  • functional role for CEBPB in PTGES gene regulation and interaction between EGR1 and CEBPB highlights the proximal promoter co-operation with a novel distal enhancer element in regulating inducible PTGES expression
  • coordinate interaction between PTGES and PPARG is required for white-to-brown fat conversion
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    induced by by pro-inflammatory cytokines
    RHOA via transcriptional activation in control and interleukin (IL1B)-activated cancer cells
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --over  
    more abundantly in ruptured cerebral aneurysms than in nonruptured
    constitutional     --over  
    in Alzheimer disease
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cancer  
    inhibition of PTGES is an alternative therapeutic target for colorectal and possibly other cancers.
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • deletion of Ptges in mice attenuates neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury, in part by regulating tenascin-C expression
  • mice deficient in mPges-1 have shown significantly reduced effect on hypertension, thrombosis, and myocardial damage