| Type | Gene Modification | Chromosome rearrangement | Protein expression | Protein Function
|
|---|
| tumoral
|
| deletion
|
|
|
|
during development of carcinomas (see TSG16H and TSG16A) |
| tumoral
| somatic mutation
|
|
|
|
|
mutated in signet ring cell carcinoma of stomach (with poor clinical outcome), in colorectal, intestines and lobular breast cancers (see TSG16A) |
| tumoral
|
| LOH
|
|
|
|
aberrant methylation of the promoter leading to LOH in gastric cancer and in ulcerative colitis with potential progression to colorectal cancer |
| tumoral
| germinal mutation
|
|
| loss of function
|
|
loss of function by germinal mutation in sporadic, early-onset diffuse gastric carcinoma and colorectal, breast, prostate cancer (late stage) |
| tumoral
|
| LOH
|
|
|
|
in invasive breast lobular carcinoma with or without gene mutation |
| tumoral
|
|
| --low
|
|
in invasive and metastatic gastric tumours, but enhanced motility and invasion associated with mutant CDH1 is sensitive to inhibition of RAC1 and RHOA, RHOB  |
| tumoral
|
|
| --over
|
|
|
in ovarian carcinoma cells, associated with increased CDH1 promoter activity, increased adherens junction formation, decreased beta-catenin signaling-dependent LEF1 activity |
| tumoral
|
|
| --low
|
|
|
required to initiate metastatic outgrowth of breast cancer |
| constitutional
|
|
| --low
|
|
|
is a key initiating event in EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) |
| tumoral
|
|
| --low
|
|
|
were significantly decreased in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells that expressed SNAIl |
| tumoral
|
|
| --low
|
|
|
by hypermethylation in B-cell lymphoma |
