Selected-GenAtlas references SOURCE GeneCards NCBI Gene Swiss-Prot Ensembl
HGNC UniGene Nucleotide OMIM UCSC
Home Page
FLASH GENE
Symbol RLIM contributors: mct/pgu - updated : 17-11-2020
HGNC name ring finger protein, LIM domain interacting
HGNC id 13429
EXPRESSION
Type widely
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Reproductivemale systemtestis  highly
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • one RING-type zinc finger
  • conjugated PhosphoP
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Rlim (89.2pc)
    homolog to rattus Rnf12 (89.9pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • RNF12 family
  • CATEGORY enzyme , regulatory , antigen
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm
    text
  • RLIM shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm and this is regulated by phosphorylation of serine S214 located within its nuclear localization sequence
  • basic FUNCTION
  • negative coregulator of LIM homeodomain proteins through recruitement of the SIN3A histone deacetylase complex
  • ubiquitin protein ligase able to target CLIM cofactors for degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway
  • RING H2 zinc finger protein with intrinsic ubiquitin ligase activity, as a TRF1-interacting protein
  • specific regulator of LDB1 to ensure its proper interactions with LIM-HD proteins and possibly other LDB1-interacting proteins in the organizer as well as in other tissues
  • represents a new pathway for modulating telomere length homeostasis by acting as a negative regulator of TERF1
  • regulate the biological activity of ESR1 during the development of breast cancer (Johnsen 2009)
  • dose-dependent activator of X-chromosome inactivation
  • indispensable factor in up-regulation of XIST transcription, thereby leading to initiation of random X chromosome inactivation (XCI)
  • enhances transcriptional activation of endogenous estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) target genes
  • critical for the regulation of X-inactivation, and is negatively regulated by pluripotency factors in embryonic stem cells
  • is an important positive regulator in TGFB signaling pathway and cell migration
  • may play an important role during the development of human cancer
  • may possess similar cellular properties with R-Smads
  • acts at two subsequent steps: two active copies of RNF12 drive initiation of X chromosome inactivation (XCI), and one copy needs to remain active to maintain XCI toward establishment of the inactive X chromosome (Xi)
  • RLIM may function as a tumor suppressor by controlling the activity of MYC oncoprotein
  • RLIM-dependent and -independent pathways for X Chromosome inactivation in female ESCs
  • RLIM catalytic activity is required for proper stem cell maintenance and neural differentiation, and this is disrupted by patient-associated XLID mutation
  • key function for RLIM E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in stem cell and neural development
  • during female embryogenesis, major roles of RLIM have been identified in conjunction with REXO1 during X dosage compensation
  • crucial importance to the RLIM-REXO1 axis in controlling XCI
  • is involved in control of early embryogenesis, notably brain and neural tube development
  • is a dosage-sensitive gene and increased protein levels arising from duplications are associated with neurocognitive abnormalities
  • CELLULAR PROCESS nucleotide, transcription, regulation
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA binding
    RNA
    small molecule metal binding,
  • Zn2+
  • protein
  • interacting with LIM homeodomain proteins, ubiquitination dependent association in the presence of CLIM cofactors
  • interacting with LHX3, LDB1, LDB2, SIN3A, TERF1, ESR1
  • is under the control of NANOG, POU5F1 and SOX2, the three factors lying at the heart of the pluripotency network
  • directly bind to SMURF2, enhancing TGFB responsiveness in osteosarcoma U2OS cells
  • RLIM targets REXO1, an inhibitor of X chromosome inactivation (XCI), for proteasomal degradation, regulating initiation of XCI
  • RLIM inhibits the transcriptional activity of MYC through which RLIM restrains cell proliferation
  • control of LHX2 function by LDB1 and RLIM underpins the coordinated differentiation of neurons and Müller glia in postnatal retina
  • act as a co-factor promoting or inhibiting transcription via binding to LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD) transcription factors
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    activated by Krüppel-like transcription factors
    Other its functional activity is regulated by phosphorylation-dependent nucleocytoplasmic shuttling
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) MRX61 , DUPXQ13
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
    limb defect in chicken overexpressing Rnf12