Citations for
1MYC, TRIM55
TRIM55 inhibits colorectal cancer development via enhancing protein degradation of c-Myc.
Lin M, Fang Z, Lin X, Zhou W, Wang Y, Han S, Ye M, Zhu F.
Cancer Med. Jun;12(12):13511-13521. doi: 10.1002/cam4.6020. Epub 2023 May 22. 2023
2CDKN1A, FUBP1, FUSE, MYC
Comparative structural analyses and nucleotide-binding characterization of the four KH domains of FUBP1
Ni X, Knapp S, Chaikuad A.
Sci Rep Aug 10;10(1):13459. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69832-z. 2020
3MTOR, MYC, SLC1A5
SLC1A5 glutamine transporter is a target of MYC and mediates reduced mTORC1 signaling and increased fatty acid oxidation in long-lived Myc hypomorphic mice.
Zhao X, Petrashen AP, Sanders JA, Peterson AL, Sedivy JM.
Aging Cell ging Cell. 2019 Mar 25:e12947. doi: 10.1111/acel.12947. [Epub ahead of print] 2019
4MYC, SMARCB1
Inhibition of MYC by the SMARCB1 tumor suppressor.
Weissmiller AM, Wang J, Lorey SL, Howard GC, Martinez E, Liu Q, Tansey WP.
Nat Commun 10(1):2014. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10022-5. 2019
5LDHA, MTA1, MYC
MTA1 coregulator regulates LDHA expression and function in breast cancer.
Guddeti RK, Bali P, Karyala P, Pakala SB.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 520(1):54-59. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.078. Epub 2019 Sep 27. 2019
6MYC, PKD1
c-Myc is a regulator of the PKD1 gene and PC1-induced pathogenesis
Parrot C, Kurbegovic A, Yao G, Couillard M, Côté O, Trudel M.
Hum Mol Genet. Mar 1;28(5):751-763. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddy379. 2019
7MYC, ZNF322
Oncogenic zinc finger protein ZNF322A promotes stem cell-like properties in lung cancer through transcriptional suppression of c-Myc expression.
Jen J, Liu CY, Chen YT, Wu LT, Shieh YC, Lai WW, Wang YC.
Cell Death Differ. Jul;26(7):1283-1298. doi: 10.1038/s41418-018-0204-6. Epub 2018 Sep 26. 2019
8MYC, TRIM32, USP7
A complex of the ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 and the deubiquitinase USP7 balances the level of c-Myc ubiquitination and thereby determines neural stem cell fate specification.
Nicklas S, Hillje AL, Okawa S, Rudolph IM, Collmann FM, van Wuellen T, Del Sol A, Schwamborn JC.
Cell Death Differ ell Death Differ. 2018 Jun 13. doi: 10.1038/s41418-018-0144-1. [Epub ahead of print] 2018
9MYC, SENP1
SUMO protease SENP1 deSUMOylates and stabilizes c-Myc.
Sun XX, Chen Y, Su Y, Wang X, Chauhan KM, Liang J, Daniel CJ, Sears RC, Dai MS.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115(43):10983-10988. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1802932115. Epub 2018 Oct 10. 2018
10MYC, SPOP
SPOP regulates prostate epithelial cell proliferation and promotes ubiquitination and turnover of c-MYC oncoprotein.
Geng C, Kaochar S, Li M, Rajapakshe K, Fiskus W, Dong J, Foley C, Dong B, Zhang L, Kwon OJ, Shah SS, Bolaki M, Xin L, Ittmann M, O'Malley BW, Coarfa C, Mitsiades N.
Oncogene ncogene. 2017 Apr 17. doi: 10.1038/onc.2017.80. [Epub ahead of print] 2017
11MYC, PIAS1
PIAS1 Promotes Lymphomagenesis through MYC Upregulation.
Rabellino A, Melegari M, Tompkins VS, Chen W, Van Ness BG, Teruya-Feldstein J, Conacci-Sorrell M, Janz S, Scaglioni PP.
Cell Rep 15(10):2266-2278. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.015. Epub 2016 May 26. 2016
12MYC, SMARCB1
MYC interaction with the tumor suppressive SWI/SNF complex member INI1 regulates transcription and cellular transformation.
Stojanova A, Tu WB, Ponzielli R, Kotlyar M, Chan PK, Boutros PC, Khosravi F, Jurisica I, Raught B, Penn LZ.
Cell Cycle 15(13):1693-705. doi: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1146836. Epub 2016 Jun 7. 2016
13MYC, PLSCR1
Two c-Myc binding sites are crucial in upregulating the expression of human phospholipid scramblase 1 gene.
Vinnakota JM, Gummadi SN.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 469(3):412-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.131. Epub 2015 Dec 8. 2016
14BRD9, MYC
Sensitivity and engineered resistance of myeloid leukemia cells to BRD9 inhibition.
Hohmann AF, Martin LJ, Minder JL, Roe JS, Shi J, Steurer S, Bader G, McConnell D, Pearson M, Gerstberger T, Gottschamel T, Thompson D, Suzuki Y, Koegl M, Vakoc CR.
Nat Chem Biol. Sep;12(9):672-9. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.2115. Epub 2016 Jul 4 2016
15MYC, SMARCAL1
SMARCAL1 Negatively Regulates C-Myc Transcription By Altering The Conformation Of The Promoter Region.
Sharma T, Bansal R, Haokip DT, Goel I, Muthuswami R.
Sci Rep 5:17910. doi: 10.1038/srep17910. 2015
16MYC, USP36
Deubiquitinating c-Myc: USP36 steps up in the nucleolus.
Sun XX, Sears RC, Dai MS.
Cell Cycle 14(24):3786-93. doi: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1093713. 2015
17MYC, USP36
The nucleolar ubiquitin-specific protease USP36 deubiquitinates and stabilizes c-Myc.
Sun XX, He X, Yin L, Komada M, Sears RC, Dai MS.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112(12):3734-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1411713112. Epub 2015 Mar 9. 2015
18MYC, PLD6
A MYC-Driven Change in Mitochondrial Dynamics Limits YAP/TAZ Function in Mammary Epithelial Cells and Breast Cancer
von Eyss B, Jaenicke LA, Kortlever RM, Royla N, Wiese KE, Letschert S, McDuffus LA, Sauer M, Rosenwald A, Evan GI, Kempa S, Eilers M
Cancer Cell. Dec 14;28(6):743-757. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.10.013. 2015
19KIF5B, MYC
Transport of c-MYC by Kinesin-1 for proteasomal degradation in the cytoplasm.
Lee CM.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1843(9):2027-36. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.001. Epub 2014 May 10. 2014
20EIF2AK2, MYC
Identification of the PKR nuclear interactome reveals roles in ribosome biogenesis, mRNA processing and cell division.
Blalock WL, Piazzi M, Bavelloni A, Raffini M, Faenza I, D'Angelo A, Cocco L.
J Cell Physiol 229(8):1047-60. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24529. 2014
21EYA1, MYC, SIX2
Eya1 interacts with Six2 and Myc to regulate expansion of the nephron progenitor pool during nephrogenesis.
Xu J, Wong EY, Cheng C, Li J, Sharkar MT, Xu CY, Chen B, Sun J, Jing D, Xu PX.
Dev Cell 31(4):434-47. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.10.015. Epub 2014 Nov 24. 2014
22MYC, SIN3B
Sin3b interacts with Myc and decreases Myc levels.
Garcia-Sanz P, Quintanilla A, Lafita MC, Moreno-Bueno G, García-Gutierrez L, Tabor V, Varela I, Shiio Y, Larsson LG, Portillo F, Leon J.
J Biol Chem 289(32):22221-36. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.538744. 2014
23MYC, TFAP4
c-Myc-induced transcription factor AP4 is required for host protection mediated by CD8+ T cells.
Chou C, Pinto AK, Curtis JD, Persaud SP, Cella M, Lin CC, Edelson BT, Allen PM, Colonna M, Pearce EL, Diamond MS, Egawa T.
Nat Immunol 15(9):884-93. doi: 10.1038/ni.2943. Epub 2014 Jul 13. 2014
24ERBB2, HOTAIR, MYC, PTEN, RBM38, WIF1
The molecular mechanism of HOTAIR in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance.
Zhou X, Chen J, Tang W.
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 46(12):1011-5. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmu104. Epub 2014 Nov 10. Review. 2014
25KAT2A, MYC, TRRAP
MYC interacts with the human STAGA coactivator complex via multivalent contacts with the GCN5 and TRRAP subunits.
Zhang N, Ichikawa W, Faiola F, Lo SY, Liu X, Martinez E.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1839(5):395-405. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.03.017. Epub 2014 Apr 3. 2014
26MYC, NME2, PIWIL2
PIWIL2 induces c-Myc expression by interacting with NME2 and regulates c-Myc-mediated tumor cell proliferation
Yao Y, Li C, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Chen J, Zheng X, Tao D, Liu Y, Ma Y.
Oncotarget. Sep 30;5(18):8466-77. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.2327 2014
27MYC, PTEN
MYC acts via the PTEN tumor suppressor to elicit autoregulation and genome-wide gene repression by activation of the Ezh2 methyltransferase.
Kaur M, Cole MD.
Cancer Res 73(2):695-705. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2522. Epub 2012 Nov 7. 2013
28MYC, RAN
RanGTPase: a candidate for Myc-mediated cancer progression.
Yuen HF, Gunasekharan VK, Chan KK, Zhang SD, Platt-Higgins A, Gately K, O'Byrne K, Fennell DA, Johnston PG, Rudland PS, El-Tanani M.
J Natl Cancer Inst 105(7):475-88. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djt028. Epub 2013 Mar 6. 2013
29MYC, STK38
STK38 is a critical upstream regulator of MYC's oncogenic activity in human B-cell lymphoma.
Bisikirska BC, Adam SJ, Alvarez MJ, Rajbhandari P, Cox R, Lefebvre C, Wang K, Rieckhof GE, Felsher DW, Califano A.
Oncogene 32(45):5283-91. doi: 10.1038/onc.2012.543. Epub 2012 Nov 26. 2013
30MYC, MYCN, SIRT2
The histone deacetylase SIRT2 stabilizes Myc oncoproteins.
Liu PY, Xu N, Malyukova A, Scarlett CJ, Sun YT, Zhang XD, Ling D, Su SP, Nelson C, Chang DK, Koach J, Tee AE, Haber M, Norris MD, Toon C, Rooman I, Xue C, Cheung BB, Kumar S, Marshall GM, Biankin AV, Liu T.
Cell Death Differ 20(3):503-14. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2012.147. Epub 2012 Nov 23. 2013
31ASH2L, CHD7, MYC
The trithorax group protein Ash2l is essential for pluripotency and maintaining open chromatin in embryonic stem cells.
Wan M, Liang J, Xiong Y, Shi F, Zhang Y, Lu W, He Q, Yang D, Chen R, Liu D, Barton M, Songyang Z.
J Biol Chem 288(7):5039-48. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.424515. Epub 2012 Dec 13. 2013
32E2F1, MYC, PBK
c-Myc and E2F1 drive PBK/TOPK expression in high-grade malignant lymphomas.
Hu F, Gartenhaus RB, Zhao XF, Fang HB, Minkove S, Poss DE, Rapoport AP.
Leuk Res 37(4):447-54. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.11.010. Epub 2012 Dec 10. 2013
33CYS1, MYC, NDN
The ciliary protein cystin forms a regulatory complex with necdin to modulate Myc expression.
Wu M, Yang C, Tao B, Bu S, Guay-Woodford LM.
PLoS One 8(12):e83062. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083062. eCollection 2013. 2013
34GPC3, MYC
Oncogenic activation of glypican-3 by c-Myc in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Li L, Jin R, Zhang X, Lv F, Liu L, Liu D, Liu K, Li N, Chen D.
Hepatology 56(4):1380-90. doi: 10.1002/hep.25891. 2012
35ELAVL1, MYC, RBM38
The RNA-binding protein RNPC1 stabilizes the mRNA encoding the RNA-binding protein HuR and cooperates with HuR to suppress cell proliferation.
Cho SJ, Jung YS, Zhang J, Chen X.
J Biol Chem 287(18):14535-44. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.326827. Epub 2012 Feb 27. 2012
36DYRK2, JUN, MYC
DYRK2 priming phosphorylation of c-Jun and c-Myc modulates cell cycle progression in human cancer cells.
Taira N, Mimoto R, Kurata M, Yamaguchi T, Kitagawa M, Miki Y, Yoshida K.
J Clin Invest 122(3):859-72. doi: 10.1172/JCI60818. Epub 2012 Feb 6. 2012
37MYC, VDR
Vitamin D receptor as a master regulator of the c-MYC/MXD1 network.
Salehi-Tabar R, Nguyen-Yamamoto L, Tavera-Mendoza LE, Quail T, Dimitrov V, An BS, Glass L, Goltzman D, White JH.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(46):18827-32. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1210037109. Epub 2012 Oct 29. 2012
38CDX2, FUT2, MYC
Transcription factors c-Myc and CDX2 mediate E-selectin ligand expression in colon cancer cells undergoing EGF/bFGF-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Sakuma K, Aoki M, Kannagi R.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(20):7776-81. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1111135109. Epub 2012 Apr 30. 2012
39CIP2A, MYC
CIP2A signature reveals the MYC dependency of CIP2A-regulated phenotypes and its clinical association with breast cancer subtypes.
Niemelä M, Kauko O, Sihto H, Mpindi JP, Nicorici D, Pernilä P, Kallioniemi OP, Joensuu H, Hautaniemi S, Westermarck J.
Oncogene 31(39):4266-78. doi: 10.1038/onc.2011.599. 2012
40MYC
c-Myc is a universal amplifier of expressed genes in lymphocytes and embryonic stem cells.
Nie Z, Hu G, Wei G, Cui K, Yamane A, Resch W, Wang R, Green DR, Tessarollo L, Casellas R, Zhao K, Levens D.
Cell 151(1):68-79. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.033. 2012
41KLF1, KLF2, MYC
Kruppel-like factor 1 (KLF1), KLF2, and Myc control a regulatory network essential for embryonic erythropoiesis.
Pang CJ, Lemsaddek W, Alhashem YN, Bondzi C, Redmond LC, Ah-Son N, Dumur CI, Archer KJ, Haar JL, Lloyd JA, Trudel M.
Mol Cell Biol 32(13):2628-44. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00104-12. Epub 2012 May 7. 2012
42KRAS, MYC, NFE2L2
Oncogene-induced Nrf2 transcription promotes ROS detoxification and tumorigenesis.
DeNicola GM, Karreth FA, Humpton TJ, Gopinathan A, Wei C, Frese K, Mangal D, Yu KH, Yeo CJ, Calhoun ES, Scrimieri F, Winter JM, Hruban RH, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Kern SE, Blair IA, Tuveson DA.
Nature 475(7354):106-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10189. 2011
43MAX, MYC
Sirt1 deacetylates c-Myc and promotes c-Myc/Max association.
Mao B, Zhao G, Lv X, Chen HZ, Xue Z, Yang B, Liu DP, Liang CC.
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 43(11):1573-81. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.07.006. Epub 2011 Jul 22. 2011
44MYC, ZBTB17
The role of the transcription factor Miz-1 in lymphocyte development and lymphomagenesis-Binding Myc makes the difference
Möröy T, Saba I, Kosan C.
Semin Immunol. Oct;23(5):379-87. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.09.001. Epub 2011 Oct 13. 2011
45MYC, RPL11, TRRAP
Ribosomal protein L11 associates with c-Myc at 5 S rRNA and tRNA genes and regulates their expression.
Dai MS, Sun XX, Lu H.
J Biol Chem 285(17):12587-94. Epub 2010 Mar 1. 2010
46MYC
c-Myc regulates transcriptional pause release.
Rahl PB, Lin CY, Seila AC, Flynn RA, McCuine S, Burge CB, Sharp PA, Young RA.
Cell 141(3):432-45. 2010
47FAM84B, MYC
8q24 prostate, breast, and colon cancer risk loci show tissue-specific long-range interaction with MYC.
Ahmadiyeh N, Pomerantz MM, Grisanzio C, Herman P, Jia L, Almendro V, He HH, Brown M, Liu XS, Davis M, Caswell JL, Beckwith CA, Hills A, Macconaill L, Coetzee GA, Regan MM, Freedman ML.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(21):9742-6. Epub 2010 May 7. 2010
48MAX, MYC, ZBTB17
The interaction between Myc and Miz1 is required to antagonize TGFbeta-dependent autocrine signaling during lymphoma formation and maintenance.
van Riggelen J, Müller J, Otto T, Beuger V, Yetil A, Choi PS, Kosan C, Möröy T, Felsher DW, Eilers M.
Genes Dev 24(12):1281-94.PMID: 20551174 2010
49FBXW7, IKBKG, MYC
NEMO stabilizes c-Myc through direct interaction in the nucleus.
Kim BY, Yang JS, Kwak SY, Zhang XK, Han YH.
FEBS Lett 584(22):4524-30. Epub 2010 Oct 21. 2010
50CEBPD, MAX, MYC, ZBTB17
Myc interacts with Max and Miz1 to repress C/EBPdelta promoter activity and gene expression.
Si J, Yu X, Zhang Y, DeWille JW.
Mol Cancer 9:92. 2010
51AXIN1, MYC
The Axin1 scaffold protein promotes formation of a degradation complex for c-Myc.
Arnold HK, Zhang X, Daniel CJ, Tibbitts D, Escamilla-Powers J, Farrell A, Tokarz S, Morgan C, Sears RC.
EMBO J 28(5):500-12. Epub 2009 Jan 8. 2009
52MYC
A positive role for Myc in TGFbeta-induced Snail transcription and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Smith AP, Verrecchia A, Fagà G, Doni M, Perna D, Martinato F, Guccione E, Amati B.
Oncogene 28(3):422-30 2009
53DLX5, MYC
DLX5 (Distal-less Homeobox 5) Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation by Transcriptionally Regulating MYC.
Xu J, Testa JR.
J Biol Chem 284(31):20593-601. Epub 2009 Jun 4. 2009
54MYC
Frequent upregulation of MYC in plasma cell leukemia.
Chiecchio L, Dagrada GP, White HE, Towsend MR, Protheroe RK, Cheung KL, Stockley DM, Orchard KH, Cross NC, Harrison CJ, Ross FM; UK Myeloma Forum.
Genes Chromosomes Cancer 48(7):624-36. 2009
55MYC, NCL
Identification and characterization of nucleolin as a c-myc G-quadruplex-binding protein.
González V, Guo K, Hurley L, Sun D.
J Biol Chem 284(35):23622-35. Epub 2009 Jul 6. 2009
56MAX, MNT, MYC
Switch from Mnt-Max to Myc-Max induces p53 and cyclin D1 expression and apoptosis during cholestasis in mouse and human hepatocytes.
Yang H, Li TW, Ko KS, Xia M, Lu SC.
Hepatology 49(3):860-70. 2009
57MYC, NSUN2, NUSAP1
The nucleolar RNA methyltransferase Misu (NSun2) is required for mitotic spindle stability.
Hussain S, Benavente SB, Nascimento E, Dragoni I, Kurowski A, Gillich A, Humphreys P, Frye M.
J Cell Biol 186(1):27-40. 2009
58BZW2, MYC
Combined analysis of murine and human microarrays and ChIP analysis reveals genes associated with the ability of MYC to maintain tumorigenesis.
Wu CH, Sahoo D, Arvanitis C, Bradon N, Dill DL, Felsher DW.
PLoS Genet 4(6):e1000090. 2008
59EP400, MYC
Adenovirus E1A targets p400 to induce the cellular oncoprotein Myc.
Tworkowski KA, Chakraborty AA, Samuelson AV, Seger YR, Narita M, Hannon GJ, Lowe SW, Tansey WP.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(16):6103-8. Epub 2008 Apr 14. 2008
60MYC, TP63, UBCSL
Sequence variant on 8q24 confers susceptibility to urinary bladder cancer.
Kiemeney LA, Thorlacius S, Sulem P, Geller F, Aben KK, Stacey SN, Gudmundsson J, Jakobsdottir M, Bergthorsson JT, Sigurdsson A, Blondal T, Witjes JA, Vermeulen SH, Hulsbergen-van de Kaa CA, Swinkels DW, Ploeg M, Cornel EB, Vergunst H, Thorgeirsson TE, Gudbjartsson D, Gudjonsson SA, Thorleifsson G, Kristinsson KT, Mouy M, Snorradottir S, Placidi D, Campagna M, Arici C, Koppova K, Gurzau E, Rudnai P, Kellen E, Polidoro S, Guarrera S, Sacerdote C, Sanchez M, Saez B, Valdivia G, Ryk C, de Verdier P, Lindblom A, Golka K, Bishop DT, Knowles MA, Nikulasson S, Petursdottir V, Jonsson E, Geirsson G, Kristjansson B, Mayordomo JI, Steineck G, Porru S, Buntinx F, Zeegers MP, Fletcher T, Kumar R, Matullo G, Vineis P, Kiltie AE, Gulcher JR, Thorsteinsdottir U, Kong A, Rafnar T, Stefansson K.
Nat Genet 40(11):1307-12. Epub 2008 Sep 14. 2008
61MYC, TFAP4
AP4 encodes a c-MYC-inducible repressor of p21.
Jung P, Menssen A, Mayr D, Hermeking H.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(39):15046-51. Epub 2008 Sep 25. 2008
62HSPD1, MYC
Direct regulation of HSP60 expression by c-MYC induces transformation.
Tsai YP, Teng SC, Wu KJ.
FEBS Lett 582(29):4083-8. Epub 2008 Nov 20. 2008
63MYC
Suppression of Myc oncogenic activity by ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency.
Barna M, Pusic A, Zollo O, Costa M, Kondrashov N, Rego E, Rao PH, Ruggero D.
Nature 456(7224):971-5. Epub 2008 Nov 16. 2008
64FAM84B, MYC
Multiple loci with different cancer specificities within the 8q24 gene desert.
Ghoussaini M, Song H, Koessler T, Al Olama AA, Kote-Jarai Z, Driver KE, Pooley KA, Ramus SJ, Kjaer SK, Hogdall E, DiCioccio RA, Whittemore AS, Gayther SA, Giles GG, Guy M, Edwards SM, Morrison J, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Dearnaley DP, Ardern-Jones AT, Hall AL, O'Brien LT, Gehr-Swain BN, Wilkinson RA, Brown PM, Hopper JL, Neal DE, Pharoah PD, Ponder BA, Eeles RA, Easton DF, Dunning AM; UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study Collaborators/British Association of Urological Surgeons' Section of Oncology; UK ProtecT Study Collaborators.
J Natl Cancer Inst 100(13):962-6. Epub 2008 Jun 24.PMID: 18577746 2008
65MYC
A role for Myc in facilitating transcription activation by E2F1.
Leung JY, Ehmann GL, Giangrande PH, Nevins JR.
Oncogene 27(30):4172-9. Epub 2008 Mar 17. 2008
66MYC, TAF4B
Expression of the TAF4b gene is induced by MYC through a non-canonical, but not canonical, E-box which contributes to its specific response to MYC.
Teye K, Okamoto K, Tanaka Y, Umata T, Ohnuma M, Moroi M, Kimura H, Tsuneoka M.
Int J Oncol 33(6):1271-80. 2008
67APC,MYC
Myc deletion rescues Apc deficiency in the small intestine.
Sansom OJ, Meniel VS, Muncan V, Phesse TJ, Wilkins JA, Reed KR, Vass JK, Athineos D, Clevers H, Clarke AR.
Nature 446(7136):676-9. Epub 2007 Mar 21. 2007
68MYC,NOTCH1
The Notch1/c-Myc pathway in T cell leukemia.
Sharma VM, Draheim KM, Kelliher MA.
Cell Cycle 6(8):927-30. Epub 2007 Apr 11. 2007
69USP28, FBXW7, MYC
The ubiquitin-specific protease USP28 is required for MYC stability.
Popov N, Wanzel M, Madiredjo M, Zhang D, Beijersbergen R, Bernards R, Moll R, Elledge SJ, Eilers M.
Nat Cell Biol 9(7):765-74. Epub 2007 Jun 10. 2007
70MYC, TERF1
c-Myc interacts with TRF1/PIN2 and regulates telomere length.
Kim H, Chen J.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 362(4):842-7. Epub 2007 Aug 22. 2007
71DKC1, MYC
DKC1 is a direct and conserved transcriptional target of c-MYC.
Alawi F, Lee MN.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 362(4):893-8. Epub 2007 Aug 24. 2007
72MYC, PAX5, ZBTB5, ZCCHC7
Mapping of MYC breakpoints in 8q24 rearrangements involving non-immunoglobulin partners in B-cell lymphomas.
Bertrand P, Bastard C, Maingonnat C, Jardin F, Maisonneuve C, Courel MN, Ruminy P, Picquenot JM, Tilly H.
Leukemia 21(3):515-23. Epub 2007 Jan 18. 2007
73MYC, PVT1
Amplification of PVT1 contributes to the pathophysiology of ovarian and breast cancer.
Guan Y, Kuo WL, Stilwell JL, Takano H, Lapuk AV, Fridlyand J, Mao JH, Yu M, Miller MA, Santos JL, Kalloger SE, Carlson JW, Ginzinger DG, Celniker SE, Mills GB, Huntsman DG, Gray JW.
Clin Cancer Res 13(19):5745-55. 2007
74FAM84B, MYC
Statistical recombinant mapping in extended high-risk Utah pedigrees narrows the 8q24 prostate cancer locus to 2.0 Mb.
Camp NJ, Farnham JM, Allen-Brady K, Cannon-Albright LA.
Prostate 67(13):1456-64.PMID: 17654497 2007
75BMI1, MYC, PCGF2
Mel-18, a polycomb group protein, regulates cell proliferation and senescence via transcriptional repression of Bmi-1 and c-Myc oncoproteins.
Guo WJ, Datta S, Band V, Dimri GP.
Mol Biol Cell 18(2):536-46. Epub 2006 Dec 6. 2007
76ATM, TP53, MYC
ATM promotes apoptosis and suppresses tumorigenesis in response to Myc.
Pusapati RV, Rounbehler RJ, Hong S, Powers JT, Yan M, Kiguchi K, McArthur MJ, Wong PK, Johnson DG.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(5):1446-51. Epub 2006 Jan 23. 2006
77REST, MYC
Abnormal expression of REST/NRSF and Myc in neural stem/progenitor cells causes cerebellar tumors by blocking neuronal differentiation.
Su X, Gopalakrishnan V, Stearns D, Aldape K, Lang FF, Fuller G, Snyder E, Eberhart CG, Majumder S.
Mol Cell Biol 26(5):1666-78. 2006
78PARP10, MYC
PARP-10, a novel Myc-interacting protein with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity, inhibits transformation.
Yu M, Schreek S, Cerni C, Schamberger C, Lesniewicz K, Poreba E, Vervoorts J, Walsemann G, Grotzinger J, Kremmer E, Mehraein Y, Mertsching J, Kraft R, Austen M, Luscher-Firzlaff J, Luscher B.
Oncogene 24(12):1982-93. 2005
79MTA1, MYC
Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) is an essential downstream effector of the c-MYC oncoprotein.
Zhang XY, DeSalle LM, Patel JH, Capobianco AJ, Yu D, Thomas-Tikhonenko A, McMahon SB.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(39):13968-73. Epub 2005 Sep 19. 2005
80MYC, GTF2H4
TFIIH operates through an expanded proximal promoter to fine-tune c-myc expression.
Weber A, Liu J, Collins I, Levens D.
Mol Cell Biol 25(1):147-61. 2005
81MYC
c-Myc-regulated microRNAs modulate E2F1 expression
O'Donnell KA, Wentzel EA, Zeller KI, Dang CV, Mendell JT.
Nature 435(7043):839-43 2005
82MYC
Myc represses transcription through recruitment of DNA methyltransferase corepressor
Brenner C, Deplus R, Didelot C, Loriot A, Viré E, De Smet C, Gutierrez A, Danovi D, Bernard D, Boon T, Pelicci PG, Amati B, Kouzarides T, de Launoit Y, Di Croce L, Fuks F.
EMBO J. 24(2):336-46 2005
83MYC
PML interacts with Myc, and Myc target gene expression is altered in PML-null fibroblasts
Cairo S, De Falco F, Pizzo M, Salomoni P, Pandolfi PP, Meroni G.
Oncogene 4(13):2195-203 2005
84MYC
MYC inactivation uncovers pluripotent differentiation and tumour dormancy in hepatocellular cancer.
Shachaf CM, Kopelman AM, Arvanitis C, Karlsson A, Beer S, Mandl S, Bachmann MH, Borowsky AD, Ruebner B, Cardiff RD, Yang Q, Bishop JM, Contag CH, Felsher DW.
Nature 431(7012):1112-7. Epub 2004 Oct 10. 2004
85EIF3H,MYC,TRPS1
Expression and copy number analysis of TRPS1, EIF3S3 and MYC genes in breast and prostate cancer.
Savinainen KJ, Linja MJ, Saramaki OR, Tammela TL, Chang GT, Brinkmann AO, Visakorpi T.
Br J Cancer 90(5):1041-6. 2004
86MYC
Tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone promotes functional cooperation of Bcl2 and c-Myc through phosphorylation in regulating cell survival and proliferation
Jin Z, Gao F, Flagg T, Deng X
J Biol Chem. 279(38):40209-19 2004
87MYC
The translation factor eIF-4E promotes tumor formation and cooperates with c-Myc in lymphomagenesis
Ruggero D, Montanaro L, Ma L, Xu W, Londei P, Cordon-Cardo C, Pandolfi PP.
Nat Med. 10(5):484-6 2004
88MYC
MYC inactivation uncovers pluripotent differentiation and tumour dormancy in hepatocellular cancer
Shachaf, C. M.; Kopelman, A. M.; Arvanitis, C.; Karlsson, A.; Beer, S.; Mandy, S.; Bachmann, M. H.; Borowsky, A. D.; Ruebner, B.; Cardiff, R. D.; Yang, Q.; Bishop, J. M.; Contag, C. H.; Felsher, D. W.
Nature 431: 1112-1117 2004
89MYC, VHL
The allelic loss of chromosome 3p25 with c-myc gain is related to the development of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.
Yamaguchi S, Yoshihiro S, Matsuyama H, Nagao K, Fukunaga K, Matsumoto H, Matsuda K, Oba K, Naito K.
Clin Genet 63(3):184-91. 2003
90CTNND2, CTTN, MYC
Dual regulation of neuronal morphogenesis by a delta-catenin-cortactin complex and Rho
Martinez MC, Ochiishi T, Majewski M, Kosik KS.
J Cell Biol. 162(1):99-111 2003
91MYC
MYC recruits the TIP60 histone acetyltransferase complex to chromatin
Frank SR, Parisi T, Taubert S, Fernandez P, Fuchs M, Chan HM, Livingston DM, Amati B
EMBO Rep. 4(6):575-80 2003
92MYC
Interactions of the DNA mismatch repair proteins MLH1 and MSH2 with c-MYC and MAX
Mac Partlin M, Homer E, Robinson H, McCormick CJ, Crouch DH, Durant ST, Matheson EC, Hall AG, Gillespie DA, Brown R.
Oncogene 22(6):819-25 2003
93MYC
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Tiam1, directly binds to c-Myc and interferes with c-Myc-mediated apoptosis in rat-1 fibroblasts
Otsuki Y, Tanaka M, Kamo T, Kitanaka C, Kuchino Y, Sugimura H
J Biol Chem. 278(7):5132-40 2003
94MYC
Myc-induced T cell leukemia in transgenic zebrafish
Langenau, D. M.; Traver, D.; Ferrando, A. A.; Kutok, J. L.; Aster, J. C.; Kanki, J. P.; Lin, S.; Prochownik, E.; Trede, N. S.; Zon, L. I.; Look, A. T.
Science. 299: 887-890 2003
95BCL2, CDKN2A, MYC, RB1, TSG3B
Cytogenetics and molecular genetics of lung cancer.
Mitsuuchi Y, Testa JR.
Am J Med Genet 115(3):183-8. 2002
96MYC
BAF53 forms distinct nuclear complexes and functions as a critical c-Myc-interacting nuclear cofactor for oncogenic transformation
Park J, Wood MA, Cole MD.
Mol Cell Biol. 22(5):1307-16 2002
97MYC
A novel myc target gene, mina53, that is involved in cell proliferation
mina53 (Myc-induced nuclear antigen with a molecular mass of 53 kDa)
J Biol Chem. 277(38):35450-9 2002
98MYC
A novel tricomplex of BRCA1, Nmi, and c-Myc inhibits c-Myc-induced human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT) promoter activity in breast cancer
Li H, Lee TH, Avraham H.
J Biol Chem. 277(23):20965-73 2002
99MYC
A novel form of the RelA nuclear factor kappaB subunit is induced by and forms a complex with the proto-oncogene c-Myc
Chapman NR, Webster GA, Gillespie PJ, Wilson BJ, Crouch DH, Perkins ND.
Biochem J. 366(Pt 2):459-69 2002
100MYC
Direct interaction of c-Myc with Smad2 and Smad3 to inhibit TGF-beta-mediated induction of the CDK inhibitor p15(Ink4B)
Feng XH, Liang YY, Liang M, Zhai W, Lin X.
Mol Cell. 9(1):133-43 2002
101MYC
p73 Interacts with c-Myc to regulate Y-box-binding protein-1 expression
Uramoto H, Izumi H, Ise T, Tada M, Uchiumi T, Kuwano M, Yasumoto K, Funa K, Kohno K
J Biol Chem. 277(35):31694-702 2002
102MYC
cMyc is essential for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during development and tumor progress
Baudino, T. A.; McKay, C.; Pendeville-Samain, H.; Nilsson, J. A.; Maclean, K. H.; White, E. L.; Davis, A. C.; Ihle, J. N.; Cleveland, J. L.
Genes Dev. 16: 2530-2543 2002
103MYC
Sustained loss of a neoplastic phenotype by brief inactivation of MYC
Jain, M.; Arvanitis, C.; Chu, K.; Dewey, W.; Leonhardt, E.; Trinh, M.; Sundberg, C. D.; Bishop, J. M.; Felsher, D. W.
Science. 297: 102-104 2002
104MYC
Role of 14-3-3epsilon, c-Myc/Max, and Akt phosphorylation in HIV-1 gp 120-induced mesangial cell proliferation.
Kapasi AA, Fan S, Singhal PC.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 280(2):F333-42 2001
105MYC
Mechanism for the transcriptional repression by c-Myc on PDGF beta-receptor
Izumi H, Molander C, Penn LZ, Ishisaki A, Kohno K, Funa K.
J Cell Sci. 114(Pt 8):1533-44 2001
106MYC
Repression of p15INK4b expression by Myc through association with Miz-1
Staller P, Peukert K, Kiermaier A, Seoane J, Lukas J, Karsunky H, Möröy T, Bartek J, Massagué J, Hänel F, Eilers M.
Nat Cell Biol. 3(4):392-9 2001
107CDK4, MYC
Identification of CDK4 as a target of c-MYC.
Hermeking H, Rago C, Schuhmacher M, Li Q, Barrett JF, Obaya AJ, O'Connell BC, Mateyak MK, Tam W, Kohlhuber F, Dang CV, Sedivy JM, Eick D, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(5):2229-34. 2000
108MYC
CDC6 interacts with c-Myc to inhibit E-box-dependent transcription by abrogating c-Myc/Max complex
Takayama M, Taira T, Iguchi-Ariga SM, Ariga H.
FEBS Lett. 477(1-2):43-8 2000
109ALB, CAD, CCNA2, CDC25A, CDK1, CEBPA, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL6A3, DHFR, DMTF1, GADD45A, JUN, LDHA, MXI1, MYC, ODC1, RCC1, SERPINE1, TERT, TK1, TK2, TP53
c-Myc target genes involved in cell growth, apoptosis, and metabolism.
Dang CV.
Mol Cell Biol 19(1):1-11. Review. No abstract available 1999
110MYC
c-MYC interacts with INI1/hSNF5 and requires the SWI/SNF complex for transactivation function.
Cheng SW, et al.
Nat Genet 22(1):102-5. 1999
111BCL2, BCL6, MYC
Concurrent chromosomal alterations at 3q27, 8q24 and 18q21 in B-cell lymphomas.
Au WY, et al.
Br J Haematol 105(2):437-40. 1999
112MYC
Regulation of c-Myc through phosphorylation at Ser-62 and Ser-71 by c-Jun N-terminal kinase
Noguchi K, Kitanaka C, Yamana H, Kokubu A, Mochizuki T, Kuchino Y.
J Biol Chem. 274(46):32580-7 1999
113MYC
Cell cycle-dependent switch of up-and down-regulation of human hsp70 gene expression by interaction between c-Myc and CBF/NF-Y
Taira T, Sawai M, Ikeda M, Tamai K, Iguchi-Ariga SM, Ariga H.
J Biol Chem. 274(34):24270-9 1999
114MYC
c-MYC interacts with INI1/hSNF5 and requires the SWI/SNF complex for transactivation function
Cheng SW, Davies KP, Yung E, Beltran RJ, Yu J, Kalpana GV
N Nat Genet. 1999
115BCL2, BCL8, BRINP1, CDK4, GLI1, MDM2, MYC, REL
Chromosomal and gene amplification in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Rao PH, et al.
Blood 92 : 234-240. 1998
116MYC
The proto-oncogene c-myc and apoptosis.
Hoffman B, et al.
Oncogene 17(25):3351-7. Review. 1998
117MYC
AMY-1, a novel C-MYC binding protein that stimulates transcription activity of C-MYC
Taira T, Maëda J, Onishi T, Kitaura H, Yoshida S, Kato H, Ikeda M, Tamai K, Iguchi-Ariga SM, Ariga H.
Genes Cells. 3(8):549-65 1998
118MYC
Identification of a large Myc-binding protein that contains RCC1-like repeats.
Guo Q, Xie J, Dang CV, Liu ET, Bishop JM.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95(16):9172-7 1998
119BRCA1, MYC
BRCA1 binds c-Myc and inhibits its transcriptional and transforming activity in cells.
Wang Q, Zhang H, Kajino K, Greene MI.
Oncogene. 17(15):1939-48 1998
120MYC
MM-1, a novel c-Myc-associating protein that represses transcriptional activity of c-Myc
Mori K, Maeda Y, Kitaura H, Taira T, Iguchi-Ariga SM, Ariga H
J Biol Chem. 273(45):29794-800 1998
121MYC
c-Raf kinase binds to N-terminal domain of c-Myc
Alexandrov I, Shlyakhova L, Vartanian A, Zajac-Kaye M, Alexandrova N.
FEBS Lett. 414(2):465-70 1997
122MYC
An alternative pathway for gene regulation by Myc
Peukert K, Staller P, Schneider A, Carmichael G, Hänel F, Eilers M.
EMBO J. 16(18):5672-86 1997
123MYC
Functional interaction of the c-Myc transactivation domain with the TATA binding protein: evidence for an induced fit model of transactivation domain folding
McEwan IJ, Dahlman-Wright K, Ford J, Wright AP.
Biochemistry. 35(29):9584-93 1996
124MYC
Isolation and characterization of Nmi, a novel partner of Myc proteins.
Bao J, Zervos AS.
Oncogene 12(10):2171-6 1996
125MYC
Transcriptional activation by Myc is under negative control by the transcription factor AP-2
Gaubatz S, Imhof A, Dosch R, Werner O, Mitchell P, Buettner R, Eilers M
EMBO J. 14(7):1508-19 1995
126MYC
The N-terminal domain of c-Myc associates with alpha-tubulin and microtubules in vivo and in vitro
Alexandrova N, Niklinski J, Bliskovsky V, Otterson GA, Blake M, Kaye FJ, Zajac-Kaye M.
Mol Cell Biol. 15(9):5188-95 1995
127MYC, TUBA1A
The N-terminal domain of c-Myc associates with alpha-tubulin and microtubules in vivo and in vitro.
Alexandrova N, Niklinski J, Bliskovsky V, Otterson GA, Blake M, Kaye FJ, Zajac-Kaye M.
Mol Cell Biol 15(9):5188-95.PMID: 7651436 1995
128MYC, PVT1
Breakpoints of Burkitt's lymphoma t(8;22) translocations map within a distance of 300 kb downstream of MYC.
Zeidler R, et al.
Genes Chromosomes Cancer 9 : 282-287. 1994
129MYC
MAP kinase binds to the NH2-terminal activation domain of c-Myc
Gupta S, Davis RJ.
FEBS Lett. 353(3):281-5 1994
130MYC
Interaction of c-Myc with the pRb-related protein p107 results in inhibition of c-Myc-mediated transactivation
Beijersbergen RL, Hijmans EM, Zhu L, Bernards R.
EMBO J. 13(17):4080-6 1994
131MYC
Clustered mutations in the second exon of the MYC gene in sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma.
Yano T, et al.
Oncogene 8 : 2741-2748. 1993
132MYC
Inhibition of transcriptional regulator Yin-Yang-1 by association with c-Myc
Shrivastava A, Saleque S, Kalpana GV, Artandi S, Goff SP, Calame K.
Science. 262(5141):1889-92 1993
133MYC
c-myc is an erythropoietin early response gene in normal erythroid cells:evidence for a protein kinase C-mediated signal.
Spangler R, et al.
Blood 79 : 52-57. 1992
134MYC
Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the human c-myc oncogene locus (MYC).
Polymeropoulos MH, et al.
Hum Mol Genet 1 : 65. 1992
135MYC, FOS, TP53
Co-ordinate expression of c-fos, p53 and cytokeratin genes during the alteration of growth of human hepatoma cells; mRNA levels measured by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction.
Kaneko Y, et al.
Cancer Lett 66 : 155-164. 1992
136MYC
Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detecting c-myc expression in human malignancies.
Tervahauta AI, et al.
Anticancer Res 12 : 1005-1012. 1992
137MYC
Transcription of human c-myc in permeabilized nuclei is associated with formation of Z-DNA in three discrete regions of the gene.
Wittig B, et al.
EMBO J 11 : 4653-4663. 1992
138MAX, MYC
Alternative forms of Max as enhancers or suppressors of Myc-ras cotransformation.
Makela TP, Koskinen PJ, Vastrik I, Alitalo K.
Science 256(5055):373-7. 1992
139MYC
Mapping of the MYC gene to band 8q24.12-q24.13 by R-banding and distal to fra(8)(q24.11), FRA8E, by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Takahashi E, et al.
Cytogenet Cell Genet 57 : 109-111. 1991
140MYC
Max: a helix-loop-helix zipper protein that forms a sequence-specific DNA-binding complex with Myc
Blackwood EM, Eisenman RN.
Science. 251(4998):1211-7 1991
141MYC
A phosphorylation site located in the NH2-terminal domain of c-Myc increases transactivation of gene expression.
Seth A, Alvarez E, Gupta S, Davis RJ
J Biol Chem. 266(35):23521-4 1991
142MYC, TCL4
A 3' truncation of MYC caused by chromosomal translocation in a human T-cell leukemia increases mRNA stability.
Aghib DF, Bishop JM, Ottolenghi S, Guerrasio A, Serra A, Saglio G.
Oncogene 5(5):707-11. 1990
143MYC, TCL4
Chromosomal translocation in T-cell leukemia line HUT 78 results in a MYC fusion transcript.
Finger LR, et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85 : 9158-9162. 1988
144MYC
A 0.5 kb insert polymorphism 3'to the c-myc gene.
Middleton PG, et al.
Nucleic Acids Res 16 : 3123. 1988
145MYC, PVT1
A human chromosome 8 region with abnormalities in B cell, HTLV-I+ T cell and c-myc amplified tumours.
Mengle-Gaw L, et al.
EMBO J 6 : 1959-1965. 1987
146MYC
p380-8A 1.8 SaSs, a single copy clone 5' of c-myc at 8q24 which recognizes an SstI polymorphism.
Haluska FG, et al.
Nucleic Acids Res 15 : 865. 1987
147TRA@, MYC
Deregulation of c-myc by translocation of the alpha-locus of the T-cell receptor in T-cell leukemias.
Erikson J, Finger L, Sun L, ar-Rushdi A, Nishikura K, Minowada J, Finan J, Emanuel BS, Nowell PC, Croce CM.
Science 232 : 884-886. 1986
148MYC
Molecular cloning of the breakpoint junction of a human chromosomal 8;14 translocation involving the T-cell receptor alpha-chain gene and sequences on the 3'side of MYC.
McKeithan TW, et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83 : 6636-6640. 1986
149MYC
Analysis of the 3' flanking region of the human c-myc gene in lymphomas with the t(8;22) and t(2;8) chromosome translocations.
Sun LK, et al.
Nucleic Acids Res 14 : 4037-4050. 1986
150MYC
Mapping by chromosome sorting of several gene probes, including c-myc, to the derivative chromosomes of a 3;8 translocation associated with familial renal cancer.
Harris P, et al.
Cytometry 7 : 589-594. 1986
151MYC
Cloning and sequence of a c-myc oncogene in a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line that is translocated to a germ line alpha switch region.
Showe LC, et al.
Mol Cell Biol 5 : 501-509. 1985
152MYC
Translocation of c-myc in the hereditary renal cell carcinoma associated with a t(3;8)(p14.2;q24.13) chromosomal translocation.
Drabkin HA, et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82 : 6980-6984. 1985
153TG, MYC
Proximity of thyroglobulin and c-myc genes on human chromosome 8.
Rabin M, et al.
Somat Cell Mol Genet 11 : 397-402. 1985
154EGFR, KRAS1P, MOS, MYB, MYC
Human proto-oncogene assignments.
Sakaguchi AY, et al.
(HGM7) Cytogenet Cell Genet 37 : 572-573. 1984
155MYC
Nuclear localization and DNA binding properties of a protein expressed by human c-myc oncogene
Persson H, Leder P.
Science. 225(4663):718-21 1984
156MYC
The human c-myc oncogene : structural consequences of translocation into the IgH locus in Burkitt lymphoma.
Battey J, et al.
Cell 34 : 779-787. 1983
157MYC, MOS
Two human c-onc genes are located on the long arm of chromosome 8.
Neel BG, et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79 : 7842-7846. 1982
158MYC
Translocation of the c-myc gene into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in human Burkitt lymphoma and murine plasmacytoma cells.
Taub R, et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79 : 7837-7841. 1982
159MYC
Human c-myc onc gene is located on the region of chromosome 8 that is translocated in Burkitt lymphoma cells.
Dalla-Favera R, et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79 : 7824-7827. 1982