Main clinical features
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rare cutaneous form of lupus erythematosus with painful bluish-red papular or nodular lesions of the skin in acral locations, including the dorsal aspects of fingers and toes, heels, nose, cheeks, ears, and, in some cases, also knees, precipitated by cold and wet exposure at temperatures <10 degre
at histology characteristic findings of lupus erythematosus, whereas edematous changes or intraluminal fibrin which are typically seen in true cold-induced perniosis or cryoglobulinemia, respectively were absent
histologic findings included a deep inflammatory infiltrate with perivascular distribution and granular deposits of immunoglobulins and complement along the basement membrane |