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FLASH GENE

Symbol

TRDN

contributors: mct/npt - updated : 09-05-2017

HGNC name	triadin
HGNC id	12261

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Corresponding disease	CPVT5 catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 5, with or without muscle weakness
Location	6q22.31      Physical location : 123.537.482 - 123.957.942
Synonym name	triadin skeletal 51
Synonym symbol(s)	SMTRD, TDN, TRIADIN, TRISK, TRISK51, MGC88285, DKFZp779I2253, dJ166D18.1 (triadin), CPVT5

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	420.75 kb     41 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

status

provisional

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed TRISK95 - - - NP_001242950 95 - cardiac 2012 22505613 able to block the depolarization-induced calcium release located within the triad and associated with RyR when ectopically expressed, Trisk 95 can modulate reticulum membrane morphology TRISK95 200-231 region is responsible for RYR1 activation (PMID: 22937102) NM_001251987 21 - 4763 NP_001238916 51 463 major triadin isoform expressed in human skeletal muscle 2012 22505613 also called TRISK51 located within the triad and associated with RyR NM_006073 41 - 4782 NP_006064 - 729 - 2012 22505613 NM_001256020 9 - 1864 NP_001242949 32 297 - 2012 22505613 also called TRISK32 10–20p100 of all triadins mainly in the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum associated with the inositol trisphosphate receptor its overexpression had no effect on store-operated Ca(2+) entry, despite a decrease in the expression of STIM1 not only co-localizes with, but directly contributes to, the regulation of Ca(2+) release via IP(3)R (PMID: 21811790) NM_001256021 9 - 3002 NP_001242950 - 286 - 2012 22505613 NM_001256022 6 - 1413 NP_001242951 - 167 - 2012 22505613

EXPRESSION

Type

widely

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Cardiovascular heart       highly Respiratory respiratory tract larynx     highly

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Muscular striatum cardiac   highly Muscular striatum skeletal   highly

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	a transmembrane segment including repeated KEKE (GLU-LYS-GLU-LYS) motifs important for macromolecular protein-protein interactions within their SR luminal tails (Fan 2008)
	a short cytoplasmic tail
	three regions, named TR1 (targeting region 1), TR2 and TR3, that contribute to the localization of triadin at the j-SR (junctional domain of the sarcoplasmic reticulum), and TR3 contains binding sites for CASQ1 and triadin clustering can be enhanced by binding to CASQ1

HOMOLOGY

interspecies

homolog to C.elegans C14H10.2

intraspecies

homolog to ASPH

Homologene

FAMILY

CATEGORY

motor/contractile

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	plasma membrane,junction
	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,membrane
	intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endoplasmic reticulum
text	junction of sarcoplasmic reticulum type II membrane protein
	with CASQ2, are located in specialized areas of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) where the SR forms junctions with the sarcolemma (junctional SR) (Knollmann 2009)

basic FUNCTION	putatively involved in excitation/contraction coupling
	may be be involved in the set up and maintenance of a precise sarcoplasmic reticulum structure
	may be involved in anchoring calsequestrin to the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum and allowing its functional coupling with the ryanodine receptor
	indirect role for triadin in regulating myoplasmic Ca(2+) homeostasis and organizing the molecular complex of the triad but not in regulating skeletal-type excitation-contraction coupling (Shen 2007)
	with CASQ2 are important for the structural organization of the SR (Knollmann 2009)
	triadin and junctin are integral sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins that form a macromolecular complex with the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RYR1) (Wang 2009)
	has a role in facilitating KCl depolarization-induced Ca2+ release in contrast to junctin which has a role in maintaining sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store size in myotubes (Wang 2009)
	ASPH and TRDN each activate skeletal ryanodine receptors but ASPH alone mediates functional interactions with CASQ1
	importance of triadin for the normal function of the cardiac calcium release complex
	TRDN and ASPH are structurally related transmembrane proteins thought to be key mediators of structural and functional interactions between calsequestrin (CASQ1) and ryanodine receptor (RyRs) at the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

cardiovascular

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component	homooligomer of variable subunit number, disulfide-linked
	CASQ2, TRDN and ASPH form a protein complex that is associated with cardiac ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) SR Ca(2+) release channels (Knollmann 2009)
	could be involved in maintaining triads during contraction, and in anchoring mitochondria close to triads (Oddoux 2009)
	is an essential link within the calcium release complex (Oddoux 2009)

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	binding and anchoring calsequestrin to the ryanodine receptor
	interaction between RYR1 and triadin could play an active role in the overall Ca2+ release process of excitation-contraction coupling in muscle cells
	role for CASQ1 in promoting the stable association of TRDN to the multiprotein complex associated with RYR
	CASQ2, HRC and RYR2 share the same KEKE motif region on the distal part of TRDN (aa 202-231)
	CKAP4 is the partner of TRDN, and is responsible for the association of triads and microtubules
	association of TRDN and CKAP4 could be involved in the shaping of SR terminal cisternae and in the guidance of microtubules close to the triads

cell & other

REGULATION

Other

contain N-linked glycans, but about half of triadin-1 in the heart remains unglycosylated (Milstein 2008)

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

CPVT5

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function constitutional         displayed extensive T-wave inversions in precordial leads V1 through V4, with either persistent or transient QT prolongation and severe disease expression of exercise-induced cardiac arrest in early childhood

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene

Marker

Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

triadin KO mouse presents objective muscle dysfunctions and is, therefore, undoubtedly suffering from myopathy as identical energy consumption produced a reduced strength (Oddoux 2009)