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FLASH GENE
Symbol TMSB4X contributors: mct - updated : 12-04-2016
HGNC name thymosin, beta 4, X-linked
HGNC id 11881
Location Xp22.2      Physical location : 12.993.225 - 12.995.345
Synonym name prothymosin beta-4
Synonym symbol(s) FX, TB4X, PTMB4, TMSB4
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
SPECIAL FEATURE
text escaping X inactivation
STRUCTURE 2.12 kb     3 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked   status confirmed
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
3 - 63527 - 44 - -
EXPRESSION
Type ubiquitous
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Cardiovascularheart   moderately
 vessel   highly
Digestivesalivary gland     Homo sapiens
Lymphoid/Immunespleen    
 thymus    
Respiratorylung    
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Blood / hematopoieticbone marrow  moderately
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion saliva
at STAGE
physiological period embryo, fetal
Text heart, brain, umbilical cord
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
a central actin-binding site required for its angiogenic and wound-healing activity
conjugated PhosphoP , Other
HOMOLOGY
intraspecies homolog to TMSB4Y
Homologene
FAMILY thymosin beta family
CATEGORY regulatory , signaling hormone
SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
    intracellular
intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton
intracellular,nucleus
basic FUNCTION
  • acting as a potential actin sequestering protein with a regulatory role in actin polymerization
  • inhibiting the migration of macrophages
  • stimulating the secretion of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
  • promoting myocardial and endothelial cell migration in the embryonic heart, cardiomyocytes survival and repair
  • required for the metastasis of melanoma cells
  • TMSB10 and TMSB4X have been implicated in sequestration of monomeric (G-) actin
  • playing an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton
  • actin monomer-binding protein implicated in cell migration and angiogenesis
  • may play a role in diabetic retinal neovascularization
  • involved in actin sequestering and the promotion of cell migration
  • prevents oxidative stress by targeting antioxidant and anti-apoptotic genes in cardiac fibroblasts
  • involved in endothelial cell migration, angiogenesis, corneal wound healing, and stem cell differentiation
  • plays a key role in odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs)
  • closely related to the initiation and development of the tooth germ
  • is a novel regulator for primary cilia formation by NPHP3
    • CELLULAR PROCESS cell life, differentiation
    cell life, proliferation/growth
    cell migration & motility
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS immunity/defense
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • acetylation
    • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • interacting with LIMS1 and ILK
  • binding actin monomers (G actin)
  • interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of stabilin-2 (required for stabilin-2-mediated phagocytosis)
  • is a direct target of HAND1 (TMSB4X is an effector of HAND1-mediated vascular development)
  • is an important MKL1 regulator that controls the G-actin-MKL1 interaction
  • primary cilia formation could be regulated by TMSB4X through its interaction with NPHP3 and/or the control of NPHP3 expression
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    induced by alpha interferon
    Other decreased levels in THP-1 cells after treatment with recombinant interferon-lambda
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --over  
    in gastric cancer
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS