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FLASH GENE
Symbol TGM4 contributors: mct - updated : 05-06-2019
HGNC name transglutaminase 4 (prostate)
HGNC id 11780
Location 3p21.31      Physical location : 44.916.097 - 44.956.086
Synonym symbol(s) TGP, hTGP, FLJ26776
EC.number 2.3.2.13
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 39.99 kb     14 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked   status provisional
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
14 - 3027 - 684 - 2010 2017714
  • TGM4-M1
  • - splicing - - - - 2010 2017714
    splice (intron 1) + in frame insertion antisense Alu
    15 splicing - - 723 in 56p100 of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) 2010 2017714
  • can encode the polypeptide composed of 723 amino acid residues, indicating that transglutaminase 4L has 45 additional amino acid residues
  • down-regulation of transglutaminase 4, especially transglutaminase 4L, is probably associated with cancer development and progression
  • 14 splicing - - - - 2010 2017714
  • a 4 bp segment (GTGA) insertion, insertion leading to a +2 frameshift, resulting in premature termination after six amino acids
  • - splicing - - 91 - 2010 2017714
  • 107 nucleotides were deleted from the transglutaminase 4-M1
  • encode a prematurely terminated protein consisting of 91 amino acid residues
  • EXPRESSION
    Type
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Reproductivemale systemprostate    Homo sapiens
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
    SP1 binding site essential to basal activity
    HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY TGase family
    CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,Golgi
    basic FUNCTION
  • transglutaminase involved in reproductive process and processed pseudogene in the promoter containing a cyclophilin A
  • plays a pivotal role in the interaction between endothelial cells and prostate cancer cells, an action which is independent of the ROCK pathway
  • catalyzes calcium-dependent posttranslational modification of proteins
  • TGM4 antagonizes the anti-tumour action of MDA-7/IL-24 in prostate cancer
  • enhance various biological properties of prostate cancer cells, e.g., cell-matrix adhesion, invasiveness and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition
  • is a prostatic secretory molecule with critical role in male reproduction
  • is a gene involved in the AR signaling pathway
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • regulation of TGM4 gene depends mainly on retinoic acid (RA)
  • RARG plays a major role in the regulation of TGM4 gene and presence of the AR, but not its transcriptional transactivation activity, is critical for TGM4 transcription
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --low  
    in the Prostate carcinoma compared to the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • may serve as a potential predictor of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer
  • Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • male mice knockouts for transglutaminase IV (Tgm4) fail to form a copulatory plug