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FLASH GENE
Symbol TFF3 contributors: mct - updated : 25-10-2010
HGNC name trefoil factor 3 (intestinal)
HGNC id 11757
Location 21q22.3      Physical location : 43.731.777 - 43.735.706
Synonym name
  • human intestinal trefoil factor
  • polypeptide P1.B
    • Synonym symbol(s) ITF, TFI, HITF, hP1.B, P1B
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    SPECIAL FEATURE component of a cluster
    text trefoil family member genes are found in a cluster on chromosome 21
    STRUCTURE 3.54 kb     3 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    3 - 1054 12 94 - 1996 8833157
    EXPRESSION
    Type widely
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Cardiovascularheart   highly
    Digestiveintestinesmall intestine   
     intestinelarge intestinecolon highly
    Endocrinethyroid   highly
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Epithelialsecretoryglandularexocrine 
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Digestiveepithelial cell
    Digestivegoblet
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • three intrachain disulfide bonds, forming the three leaf structure (P domain, trefoil motif)
  • at least one copy of the trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains three conserved disulfides
    • HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • trefoil family
    • CATEGORY regulatory , secretory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
    basic FUNCTION
  • maybe involved in mitogenic processes
  • cell adhesion migration by controling the expression of APC and E-cadherin-catenin complexes
  • may have a role in promoting cell migration
  • regulating mucosal regeneration and repair
  • may enhance mucosal healing by modulating motogenic activity, inhibiting apoptosis, and promoting angiogenesis
  • likely to contribute to oral wound healing
  • could play a role in neurosensory signaling
  • contributes to the malignant behavior of colon cancer cells
  • playing a pivotal role in corneal wound healing mechanism
  • may have a role in normal thyroid tissue function
  • plays a major part in regeneration and restitution processes in urinary tract epithelia
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    TFF3-mediated pathway for stimulation of beta-cell replication that could ultimately be exploited for expansion or preservation of islet beta-cell mass
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • TWIST1 is an important potential downstream effector, playing a key role in TFF3-modulated metastasis in gastric cancer
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --over  
    in gastric cancer
    tumoral     --over  
    during inflammatory processes and cancer progression
    tumoral     --over  
    overexpression in hepatocellular carcinogenesis, and the specific promoter CpG hypomethylation may be one of the regulation mechanisms of TFF3 overexpression
    tumoral     --over  
    by hypomethylation of the promoter/enhancer region, significantly lower in prostate carcinoma compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia
    tumoral     --low  
    in follicular neoplastic lesions compared with that in normal thyroid tissue samples
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • overexpression and promoter hypomethylation of trefoil factors may serve as biomarkers in prostate carcinoma
  • novel serum marker for early detection and/or monitoring of poorly differentiated endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (G3-EEC) patients
  • TFF2 and probably also TFF3 are candidate biomarkers for nephrolithiasis and possibly other inflammatory conditions of the urinary tract
    • Therapy target
  • having broad implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies for treating nonhealing wounds
    • SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    immunologyautoimmunedigestive
    may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, and one of the mechanisms may related to inhibit the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathways
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • Tff3-deficient (Tff3(-)(/)(-)) mice (Paulsen, 2008)
  • Tff3 knock-out animals show an accelerated presbyacusis and a hearing loss of about 15 dB at low frequencies increasing to 25 dB loss at higher frequencies