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FLASH GENE
Symbol TFF2 contributors: mct - updated : 02-02-2015
HGNC name trefoil factor 2
HGNC id 11756
Location 21q22.3      Physical location : 43.766.468 - 43.771.208
Synonym name
  • spasmolytic protein 1
  • spasmolysin
  • Spasmolytic polypeptide
    • Synonym symbol(s) SML1, SP
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    SPECIAL FEATURE component of a cluster
    STRUCTURE 4.74 kb     4 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    regulatory sequence Promoter (CAAT box)
    cytosine-phosphate-guanine/HTF
    Binding site   enhancer
    text structure
  • a CCAAT/enhance binding proteins (C/EBPs) consensus-binding site
  • two GC boxes in the TFF2 promoter and specific binding of SP3 to this promoter
    • MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    4 - 717 - 129 - -
    EXPRESSION
    Type
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Digestivestomach   specific
    Respiratoryrespiratory tractlarynx  moderately
    Visualeyeretina    Mus musculus
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • three intrachain disulfide bonds (TFF domains), forming the three leaf structure (two P-type trefoil motif)
  • N terminus consensus site for N glycosylation
    • conjugated GlycoP
    isoforms Precursor a 23 aa signal peptide (2.3 kda), a 106 aa mature peptide (12 kda)
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to rattus Tff2 (79.1pc)
    homolog to murine Tff2 (81.4pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • trefoil family
    • CATEGORY regulatory , secretory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
    basic FUNCTION
  • may be functioning as a structural component of gastric mucus, possibly by stabilizing glycoproteins in the mucus gel through interactions with carbohydrate side chains
  • protective against mucosal damaging agents
  • inhibiting gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion
  • could play a role in mammary gland tumorigenesis
  • may enhance mucosal healing by modulating motogenic activity, inhibiting apoptosis, and promoting angiogenesis
  • promote regeneration and repair processes of mucous epithelia
  • participates in mucus stabilization and repair, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses
  • is potentially a mastermind in the control of energy balance and a promising therapeutic target for obesity 3)
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS digestion , immunity/defense
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • CXCR4 is a bona fide signaling receptor for TFF2, suggesting a mechanism through which TFF2 may modulate immune and tumorigenic responses
  • promotes cell migration via F2RL3
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other regulation of TFF2 by gastrin may play a role in the maintenance and repair of the gastrointestinal mucosa
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --over  
    in gastritis ulceration and metaplasia
    tumoral     --over  
    in some digestive tumors (stomach, pancreas, biliary tract)
    tumoral     --low  
    in gastric cancer
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • TFF2 and probably also TFF3 are candidate biomarkers for nephrolithiasis and possibly other inflammatory conditions of the urinary tract
    • Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS