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FLASH GENE
Symbol SOD2 contributors: mct - updated : 22-05-2014
HGNC name superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial
HGNC id 11180
Location 6q25.3      Physical location : 160.100.150 - 160.114.353
Synonym name
  • manganese superoxide dismutase
  • indophenoloxidase B
  • manganese-containing superoxide dismutase
  • mangano-superoxide dismutase
  • Synonym symbol(s) IPOB, MNSOD, SODM, Mn-SOD
    EC.number 1.15.1.1
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 14.21 kb     6 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    regulatory sequence cytosine-phosphate-guanine/HTF
    Binding site
    text structure
  • multiple Sp1 and Ap2 binding sites, Egr1 binding site
  • 3 prime-UTR of SOD2 regulates its expression in response to different growth states and radiation.
  • MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    5 - 1593 - 222 - 2008 19016244
    6 - 1035 - 222 - 2008 19016244
    5 - 978 - 183 - 2008 19016244
    EXPRESSION
    Type ubiquitous
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Digestivemouth   highly
    Nervousbrain    
    Reproductivemale systemprostate   
    Respiratoryrespiratory tracttrachea  highly
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Connectivebone  predominantly
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
    mono polymer homomer , tetramer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Sod2
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family
  • CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria,inner
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria,matrix
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,membrane
    text present in the mitochondrial matrix
    basic FUNCTION
  • manganese superoxide dismutase catabolic pathway of activated oxygen species, free radical detoxification
  • destroying radical which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological system
  • acting as an iron toxicity modifier
  • function as the first line of antioxidant defense against highly reactive superoxide radicals
  • with MIF appear to be early predictors for survival in septic patients
  • binds with ubiquitin molecules to form polyubiquitination chains and undergoes degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway
  • major mitochondrial antioxidative enzyme, constituting an important control switch in the process of activation-induced oxidative signal generation in T cells
  • critical role for SOD2 and mitochondria in the regulation of human T cell activation
  • regulates a "metabolic switch" during progression from quiescent through the proliferative cycle
  • is potentially a new molecular player contributing to the Warburg effect
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule cofactor,
  • Mn2+
  • protein
  • USP36 regulates the protein stability of SOD2
  • ATXN3 and FOXO4 in the nucleus, concomitantly bind to the SOD2 gene promoter and increase the expression of the antioxidant enzyme SOD2
  • mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 binds to, deacetylates and activates SOD2
  • fidelity protein that maintains the activity of POLG by preventing UVB-induced nitration and inactivation of POLG
  • BDNF protects endothelial progenitor cells by increasing expression of SOD2 thereby enhancing their antioxidant capacity
  • HSPD1 and SOD2 proteins interact (SOD2 likely is a substrate of the HSPD1 folding machinery and under conditions of diminished availability of HSPD1, SOD2 is impaired in reaching the native state
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    induced by ACTH
    Other post-translational regulation of SOD2 by means of acetylation and SIRT3-dependent deacetylation in response to oxidative stress
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    related resource MITOP database
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral        
    constitutive expression of the SOD2 gene in breast cancer cells is negatively regulated by DDB2
    constitutional     --low  
    depletion in chondrocytes leads to oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that SOD2 down-regulation is a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
    constitutional     --low  
    reduced the number of cells and thickness of the epidermis, while increasing terminal differentiation
    Susceptibility
  • to familial idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in Japanese(iron toxicity modifier)
  • to exudative age-related macular degeneration
  • to Behçet disease (BD)
  • to microvascular complications of diabetes (MVCD6 Omim: 612634)
  • to septic shock in septic patients
  • Variant & Polymorphism other
  • polymorphism associated with exudative age-related macular degeneration
  • Val16 allele is associated with the development of BD in Japan
  • 47C allele associated to a significant higher frequency of septic shock in septic patients
  • Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
    Sod2 knockout mice older than seven days exhibited extensive mitochondrial injury within degenerating neurons and cardiac myocytes, suggesting that Sod2 deficiency increases the susceptibility of mitochondria to oxidative injury in central nervous system neurons, cardiac myocytes, and other metabolically active tissues after postnatal exposure to ambient oxygen concentrations
  • SOD2-deficient mice, demonstrated severe gait deformities and seizures and died by 20 days of age