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FLASH GENE
Symbol PTPRS contributors: mct - updated : 21-04-2022
HGNC name protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, S
HGNC id 9681
Location 19p13.3      Physical location : 5.205.519 - 5.340.814
Synonym name protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPsigma
Synonym symbol(s) PTPSIGMA, R-PTP-S, R-PTP-sigma
EC.number 3.1.3.48
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 135.30 kb     38 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked   status provisional
Map pter - D19S342 - D19S436 /D19S534 - D19S216 - D19S453 - D19S233E /PTPRS - D19S177 - FUT6 - FUT5 - RFX2 - D19S350 /MLLT1 - C3 - cen
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
38 - 7347 - 1948 - 2021 33313879
29 - 6006 - 1501 - 2021 33313879
33 - 7233 - 1910 - 2021 33313879
30 - 6018 - 1505 - 2021 33313879
32 - 7230 - 1906 - 2021 33313879
34 - 7290 - 1926 - 2021 33313879
34 - 7269 - 1919 - 2021 33313879
EXPRESSION
Type widely
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Endocrinethyroid   highly
Nervousbrain   highly Homo sapiens
Reproductivefemale systemovary  highly
 male systemprostate  highly
Respiratoryrespiratory tractlarynx  highly
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
physiological period fetal
Text highly expressed in the developing mammalian nervous system
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • 8 fibronectin type-III domains
  • three Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains
  • two tyrosine-protein phosphatase domains
  • HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • protein-tyrosine phosphatase family, receptor class 2A subfamily
  • Leukocyte antigen related (LAR) family receptor
  • LAR-RPTP subfamily
  • CATEGORY receptor membrane
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
    intracellular,nucleus
    basic FUNCTION
  • tyrosine phosphatase receptor, putatively involved in the development of the nervous system
  • may be involved in cell-cell interaction, primary axonogenesis, and axon guidance during embryogenesis
  • PTPRD, PTPRS regulate neuroendocrine development, axonal regeneration, and hippocampal long-term potentiation
  • PTPRD and PTPRS complement each other functionally during mammalian development, and have an essential contribution to appropriate motoneuron axon targeting during axonogenesis
  • important role in the development of the nervous system and nerve regeneration
  • modulates the actin cytoskeleton by regulating Rac GTPase activity through ARHGAP32
  • modulates Rac dependent activity through regulating a novel substrate, ARHGAP32
  • acts bimodally in sensory neuron extension, mediating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG)inhibition and heparan sulfate proteoglycans growth (HSPG) promotion
  • PTPRS clustering would translate into an uneven distribution of phosphatase activity on the cell surface, consistent with localization-based models for receptor action
  • PTPRS represents an evolutionarily conserved Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs)-specific inhibitory receptor, and is required to prevent spontaneous IFN production and immune-mediated intestinal inflammation
  • PTPRS, PTPRD, PTPRF participate in several brain functions
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • interacts with PPFIA1, PPFIA2 and PPFIA3
  • receptor for inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
  • interaction with PPFIA4, BCAR1, TRIO
  • ARHGAP32 is a novel substrate of PTPRS and PTPRS displayed its phosphatase specificity toward ARHGAP32
  • SLITRK1, SLITRK2, SLITK3, SLITRK4, SLITRK5 and SLITRK6 appeared to interact with both PTPRD and PTPRS
  • NME2 interacts with PTPRS, and NME2 associates with PTPRS to elicit neurite outgrowth inhibition in response to chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs)
  • PTPRS regulate RAS pathway activation through ERK, and modulates ERK phosphorylation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --low  
    in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
    Susceptibility
  • to type 2 diabetes (T2D)
  • Variant & Polymorphism SNP
  • association of SNPs in PTPRS gene with T2D
  • Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    neurologyacquired 
    potential new target for enhancing axonal growth and plasticity after nervous system injury
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • half of the mouse embryos lacking both Ptprs and Ptprf (LAR) exhibit micrognathia (small lower jaw), cleft palate and microglossia/glossoptosis (small and deep tongue), a phenotype closely resembling Pierre-Robin