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FLASH GENE
Symbol PF4 contributors: mct - updated : 20-05-2009
HGNC name platelet factor 4
HGNC id 8861
Location 4q13.3      Physical location : 74.846.795 - 74.847.715
Synonym name
  • chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4
  • iroplact
  • oncostatin-A
    • Synonym symbol(s) CXCL4, SCYB4, MGC138298, PF-4
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    SPECIAL FEATURE component of a cluster
    STRUCTURE 0.92 kb     3 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned Y linked Y status confirmed
    Map cen - IL8 - CXCL1 /PPBP /PF4 - CXCL5 /CXCL6 - CXCL2 /CXCL3 - CXCL11 - CXCL10 - CXCL9 - qter
    Text see IMC2@
    Physical map
    FLJ38991 4q21.1 hypothetical protein FLJ38991 ANKRD17 4q13.3 ankyrin repeat domain 17 HMGA1L2 4q21.1 high mobility group AT-hook 1-like 2 ALB 4q11-q13 albumin AFP 4q11-q13 alpha-fetoprotein AFM 4q11-q13 afamin RASSF6 4q21.21 Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family 6 IL8 4q13-q21 interleukin 8 CXCL6 4q21 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6 (granulocyte chemotactic protein 2) PF4V1 4q13-q21 platelet factor 4 variant 1 CXCL1 4q21 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha) CXCL1P 4q21.21 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 pseudogene PF4 4q13-q21 platelet factor 4 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4) PPBP 4q12-q13 pro-platelet basic protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7) CXCL5 4q13-q21 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 CXCL3 4q21 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 SPBPBP 4q21.21 DNA-binding protein amplifying expression of surfactant protein B CXCL2 4q21 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 LOC255324 4q21.21 similar to ALGV3072 EREG 4q25-q26 epiregulin AREG 4q13-q21 amphiregulin (schwannoma-derived growth factor) BTC 4q13-q21 betacellulin
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    3 - 476 10.7 101 - 2008 18648521
    EXPRESSION
    Type restricted
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood/Hematopoieticplatelet
    Lymphoid/Immunelymphocyte Homo sapiens
    cell lineage expressed during megakaryocytic differentiation
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
    mono polymer homomer , tetramer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to C.elegans F39H12.2
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • platelet factor 4 family
  • intercrine alpha family (small cytokine C-X-C) (chemokine CXC)
    • CATEGORY signaling cytokine
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic,granule
    text
  • released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets
  • stored in secretory granules and released in response to protein kinase C activation
    • basic FUNCTION
  • neutralizing the anticoagulant effect of heparin because it binds more strongly to heparin than to chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule
  • chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes
  • released during platelet aggregation
  • can protect hematopoiesis from chemotherapy by enhancing cell viability and suppress tumor growth through anti-angiogenic pathway
  • playing a role in the modulation of monocyte-dependent T cell activation
  • potent inhibitor of tumor-induced angiogenesis
  • first chemokine described to inhibit neovascularization
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS immunity/defense
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • binding noncovalently to a proteoglycan molecule
  • binding to heparin with high affinity
  • interacting with integrin (integrins as novel receptors for PF4 that may contribute to its antiangiogenic effect)
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    activated by PREP1 and PREP1/PBX complexes with GATA-1 and ETS-1
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --over  
    in early growth of liposarcoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, and osteosarcoma
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene potential biomarker of early tumor presence
    Marker
    Therapy target several PF4 fragments and modified molecules exhibit antiangiogenesis properties and may become an alternative for further therapeutic angiogenesis
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
    NOA mice