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FLASH GENE

Symbol

NEUROG2

contributors: mct/npt - updated : 12-07-2018

HGNC name	neurogenin 2
HGNC id	13805

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Location	4q25      Physical location : 113.434.673 - 113.437.328
Synonym name	protein atonal homolog 4
	class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 8
Synonym symbol(s)	NGN2, Atoh4, Math4A, MGC46562, ngn-2, bHLHa8

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	2.66 kb     2 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

N

status

provisional

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_024019 2 - 2370 NP_076924 28.5 272 - 1998 9539123

EXPRESSION

Type	restricted

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol     limbic system hippocampus dentate gyrus   Homo sapiens Nervous brain hindbrain cerebellum     Homo sapiens Reproductive male system testis

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Nervous neuron Nervous Purkinje cell Homo sapiens

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

physiological period

embryo

Text	in developing dentate gyrus

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	a HLH domain
	a ser-rich domain

HOMOLOGY

interspecies	homolog to murine Neurog2
	homolog to rattus LOC295475

Homologene

FAMILY

neurogenin subfamily of bHLH transcription factor

CATEGORY

transcription factor

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	intracellular
	intracellular,nucleus

basic FUNCTION	playing an important role in neurogenesis from migratory neural crest cells
	proneural basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors not only initiating neuronal differentiation but also potentiating cell migration
	controls neurogenesis in the embryonic cerebral cortex
	induces RND2 expression directly or indirectly by a transcriptional cascade, in the embryonic cortex by directly interacting with an enhancer located 3' to the gene
	unique role in dentate gyrus neurogenesis during development and raise the possibility that NEUROG2 has a similar function in adult neurogenesis
	critical role of for NEUROG2 and NEUROD1 in controlling neuronal commitment and hippocampal granule neuroblast formation, both during embryonic development and in post-natal hippocampal granule neurogenesis
	transcription factor of importance for the differentiation and survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons
	NEUROG2 and ASCL1 regulate the temporal progression of retinal neurogenesis by directing overlapping waves of neuron formation
	acts as a master regulator of neuronal differentiation
	is essential for neuronal commitment, cell cycle withdrawal, and neuronal differentiation
	drives cell cycle exit of neuronal precursors by specifically repressing a subset of cyclins acting at the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle
	during central nervous system development, NEUROG2 contributes to many distinct neuronal types by specifying their fate and/or dictating development of their morphological features
	represents a key regulator of Purkinje cells (PCs) development and maturation
	NEUROG2 simultaneously activates and represses alternative gene expression programs in the developing neocortex
	NEUROG1/NEUROG2 together coordinate development of the olfactory system, which depends on tissue interactions between the olfactory bulb and epithelium
	NEUROG1 and NEUROG2 control two waves of neuronal differentiation in the piriform cortex
	enhances the neuronal differentiation of skin-derived precursors
	APP-stimulated neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) is mediated by NEUROG2
	proneural gene that directs neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells during development, and can enhance the generation of patient-specific induced neuronal cells

CELLULAR PROCESS

nucleotide, transcription, regulation

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

likely phosphorylated OLIG2 proteins form stable homodimers, whereas unphosphorylated OLIG2 prefers to form heterodimers with other bHLH proteins such as NEUROG2

INTERACTION

DNA	binding, requires dimerization with another bHLH protein

RNA

small molecule

protein	interactions with OLIG2, to modulate gene expression in motor neuron progenitor cells
	targeting MYT1, NHLH1, EBF3, EBF2, HES6, CBFA2T2, NEUROD1, NEUROD4 (bind these enhancers to activate targets that execute core programs regulating neurogenesis)
	NEUROD4 is a dorsally restricted NEUROG2 transcriptional target and cofactor, which synergizes with NEUROG2 to accelerate target gene transcription in the cortex
	CBFA2T2 physically interacts with NEUROG2 and represses transcriptional activity of NEUROG2 (proper termination of NEUROG2 activity by CBFA2T2 is necessary for normal progression of neurogenesis in the developing spinal cord)
	LMO4 functions as a novel co-factor of NEUROG2 in the developing cortex
	interacting with PAX3 (PAX3 plays a role in regulating HES1 and NEUROG2 activity and thereby stem cell maintenance and neurogenesis)
	NEUROG2 is a direct upstream activator of ZBTB18 expression
	ZBTB18 represses NEUROG2 transcription to regulate the NEUROG2-RND2 pathway
	DMRT3, induced NEUROG2 expression in the dorsal telencephalon
	overexpression of DMRTA1 induced the expression of the proneural gene Neurogenin2 (NEUROG2) and conversely repressed ASCL1, a proneural gene expressed in the ventral telencephalon
	NEUROG2, NEUROD1, and EBF3 inducing MTURN
	critical role for CEND1 in NEUROG2-driven astrocytic reprogramming
	WNT signaling suppresses oligodendrogenesis via NEUROG2-dependent direct inhibition of OLIG2 expression

cell & other

REGULATION

inhibited by

NEUROG2 and ASCL1 are inhibited by CBFA2T2 and CBFA2T3, and less efficiently by RUNX1T1

Phosphorylated by

phosphorylated on multiple serine-proline sites in response to rising cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) levels

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS