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FLASH GENE
Symbol LY96 contributors: mct - updated : 18-02-2016
HGNC name lymphocyte antigen 96
HGNC id 17156
Location 8q21.11      Physical location : 74.903.586 - 74.941.305
Synonym name
  • MD-2 protein
  • myeloid differentiation protein-2
  • Synonym symbol(s) MD-2, ESOP-1, MD2, ly-96
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 41.23 kb     5 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned Y linked N status provisional
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    5 - 642 - 160 - 2015 25576596
    4 splicing 552 - 130 - 2015 25576596
  • short isoform, (MD-2s)
  • could be a potential therapeutic candidate to treat human diseases induced or exacerbated by TLR4 signaling, such as Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin-induced lung injury and house dust mite (HDM)-triggered allergic lung inflammation
  • EXPRESSION
    Type restricted
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Endocrineadrenal gland    
    Lymphoid/Immunelymph node    
     thymus    
    Respiratoryrespiratory tractlarynx   
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood / Hematopoieticbone marrow   
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood/Hematopoieticmonocyte
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • a signal peptide
  • two N terminal glycosylation
  • a unique hydrophobic cavity that directly binds to lipid A, the active center of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
  • conjugated GlycoP
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to murine Ly96
    Homologene
    FAMILY
    CATEGORY adaptor , antigen
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,membrane
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endosome
    text trafficking to and from the cell surface and the Golgi apparatus
    basic FUNCTION
  • conferring liposaccharides (LPS) responsiveness to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)
  • prominent role of LY96 in intestinal immune responses to Gram-negative bacteria
  • possesses potential ability to play an essential role in cell surface expression of TLR4
  • is essential for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) recognition of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) but not for cell surface expression
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS immunity/defense , inflammation
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
    required for LPS signaling of TLR4
    a component
  • component of a complex with TLR4 and CD14
  • leucine at position 815 is required for the normal maturation of TLR4 and for formation of the TLR4.LY96 complex
  • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • associating with the extracellular domain of TLR4
  • TLR4 requires myeloid differentiation (LY96), and both TLR2 and TLR4 signal need myeloid differentiation factor (MYD88)
  • binds LPS with high affinity and is critical for TLR4-dependent signal transduction
  • TLR4 adaptor, myeloid differentiation factor 2 (LY96), binds specifically to the cytokine-inducing disulfide isoform of HMGB1, to the exclusion of other isoforms
  • TLR4 mediates host responses to pathogens through a mechanism that involves protein myeloid differentiation-2 (LY96) and its soluble form sLY96
  • cell & other lipopolysaccharides
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
    mice MD-2(-/-) do not response to LPS,but survive to endotoxin shock