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FLASH GENE
Symbol LOX last update : 15/12/2008
HGNC name lysyl oxidase
HGNC id 6664
Location 5q23.1
Synonym name protein-lysine 6-oxidase
Synonym symbol(s) HREV142, RRG1, MGC105112
EC.number 1.4.3.13
DNA RNA EXP/sub-loc PROTEIN PATHOLOGY
DNABack to top
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 11.94 kb     7 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
regulatory sequence Binding site
text structure five possible binding sequences for Sp1, six for AP-2, one for AP-1, three for PEA3, three for MEP-1
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
Physical map
FLJ33977 5q23.1 hypothetical protein FLJ33977 PTMAP2 5 prothymosin, alpha pseudogene 2 (gene sequence 32) LOC391822 5 similar to chromosome 20 open reading frame 147 DMXL1 5q22 Dmx-like 1 GG2-1 LOC389318 5 LOC389318 HSD17B4 5q2 hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 4 LOC391823 5 similar to 60S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L21 LOC340069 5q23.2 hypothetical protein LOC340069 LOC391824 5 similar to tubulin, alpha 6; tubulin alpha 6 LOC348958 5q23.2 mitochondrial ribosomal protein L10 pseudogene LOC51334 5q23.2 mesenchymal stem cell protein DSC54 LOC391825 5 similar to 60S ribosomal protein L23a LOC256233 5q23.2 similar to ribosomal protein L18; 60S ribosomal protein L18 MTF mitochondrial ferritin FLJ25286 5q23.2 hypothetical protein FLJ25286 LOX 5q23.3-q31.2 lysyl oxidase LOC133923 5q23.2 similar to RIKEN cDNA 4933409D10 LOC153441 5q23.2 similar to RIKEN cDNA 4933409D10 SNCAIP 5q23.1-q23.3 synuclein, alpha interacting protein (synphilin) SNX2 5q23 sorting nexin 2 SNX24 5q23.2 sorting nexing 24 PPIC 5q23.2 peptidylprolyl isomerase C (cyclophilin C) PRDM6 5q21-q23 PR domain containing 6 LOC391826 5 similar to Ubiquitin-like protein SMT3C precursor (Ubiquitin-homology domain protein PIC1) (Ubiquitin-like protein UBL1) (Ubiquitin-related protein SUMO-1) (GAP modifying protein 1) (GMP1) (Sentrin) FLJ36090 5q23.2 hypothetical protein FLJ36090 CSNK1G3 5q23 casein kinase 1, gamma 3 LOC391827 5 similar to Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 (Cytokeratin 18) (K18) (CK 18) KIAA1281 5q23.2 KIAA1281 protein LOC391828 5 similar to ribosomal protein L28 LOC391829 5 similar to High mobility group protein 1-like 10 (HMG-1L10) LOC389319 5 LOC389319 NS3TP2 5q23.3 HCV NS3-transactivated protein 2 ALDH7A1 5q31 aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family, member A1 PHAX 5q23.3 likely ortholog of mouse phosphorylated adaptor for RNA export LOC133609 5q23.3 similar to 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 LOC389320 5 hypothetical gene supported by AK131015 LOC285008 5q23.3 hypothetical gene supported by BC028282; BC028282; BC028282 LMNB1 5q23.3-q31.1 lamin B1
RNABack to top
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
text four minor transcripts
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionauthors
- - splicing 4300 - - - Hamalainen (1991)
- - splicing 2400 - - - Hamalainen (1991)
- - splicing 2000 - - - Hamalainen (1991)
- - splicing 5500 - - - Hamalainen (1991)
variant 1 7 - 3925 - 417 - Rodriguez (2008)
EXPRESSION / SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATIONBack to top
Type widely
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan 1organ 2organ 3organ 4level
Cardiovascularheart   highly
Endocrinepancreas    
Respiratorylung    
Skin/Tegumentskin   highly
Urinarykidney    
tissue
SystemTissueS_TissueSs_Tissuelevel
Connectivebone  highly
Muscularstriatumskeletal  
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
physiological period pregnancy
Text placenta
SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
text extracellular matrix
PROTEINBack to top
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a signal peptide 21AA
  • an active site at the C terminus including a Cu2+ binding site
  • four hystidyl residues
    • conjugated GlycoP , MetalloP
    isoforms Precursor
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies
     
    		 homolog to murine Ras recision gene
    homolog to murine Lox (87.3pc)
    intraspecies
     
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • lysyl oxidase family
    • CATEGORY enzyme
    basic FUNCTION
  • lysyl oxidase, copper dependent, processed by BMP1 to the mature enzyme necessary for the formation of covalent cross-links in collagen and elastic fibers
  • playing a potential tumor suppressor role but also involved in tumor progression
  • essential for hypoxia-induced metastasis and is a good therapeutic target for preventing and treating metastases
  • key enzyme in extracellular matrix maturation
  • seems to be involved in the impairment of endothelial function triggered by different pathological conditions
  • essential for hypoxia-induced metastasis
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule metal binding, cofactor,
  • copper Cu2+
    • protein interacts with EFEMP2 (importance of the ternary complex of EFEMP2, LOX, and tropoelastin in the process of elastic fiber assembly) (Horiguchi 2009)
    cell & other
    REGULATION
    inhibited by TNF (endothelial dysfunction induced by TNF is associated with a decrease of LOX expression/activity)
    other regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERSBack to top
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     low  
    low expressed by hypermethylation in gastric cancer
    tumoral     over  
    elevated in hypoxic tumour cells (breast, head and neck tumors)
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target good therapeutic target for preventing and treating metastases
    animal or cellular model